1. Reasons for the falling flowers and fruits of tomatoes. (1) Low temperature and rainy weather. The optimum temperature during the flowering period of tomato is 25-28℃. When the temperature drops below 15℃, the pollen will germinate badly. When the temperature drops below 10℃, it will lead to poor fertilization, lack of swash growth hormone and a lot of flower drop. At the same time, if the tomato blooms during the flowering period, if it encounters long low temperature and rain, insufficient sunshine, on the one hand, due to the rain showering on the flowers, organic matter cannot be produced through normal photosynthesis, and the flowers are underdeveloped and the flowers and fruits will fall. On the other hand, when the air humidity is high during low temperature and rainy season, pollen grains swell excessively and rupture, losing pollination ability and causing flower drop. (2) High temperature and drought. Tomatoes are very sensitive to moisture during the flowering and fruiting period, and the soil is too dry, especially when the plants change from moisture to dryness or the plants lose too much water in a short time, resulting in poor growth, and pollen loss of water and sterility, resulting in flower and fruit drop. In addition, the flowering and fruiting of tomatoes coincides with the high temperature weather in summer and autumn, and sometimes the temperature at noon is as high as 30-40 ℃ or even more than 40 ℃. At this time, it is especially easy to cause high-temperature burns, pollen abortion, and flowers shrink and fall. (3) Insufficient nutrients. After the tomato enters the flower and fruit stage, the demand for the most nutrient such as flowering, flower bud formation, fruit setting and fruit growth and development reaches its peak. At this time, if the nutrient supply is insufficient, flowers and fruits will fall. Malnutrition will also affect the normal development of flower organs and fruits. For example, small pollen and uneven slender styles will result in failure of normal pollination and fall off.
2. Measures to prevent tomatoes from falling flowers and fruits. To prevent tomato falling flowers and fruits, the following tasks should be done in a targeted manner on the basis of timely sowing, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonable dense planting, scientific fertilization, and enhancing the plant's resistance to stress. (1) Improve the temperature and humidity conditions during the flowering and fruiting period of tomatoes. Prevent low temperature in spring, high temperature or drought in summer and autumn, timely irrigation and drainage to keep the ground dry, and spray water mist on the foliage to cool down and protect flowers and fruits at high temperatures. (2) Ensure the nutrient supply during the flowering and fruiting period of the tomato. It is better to spray fertilizer on the middle and later stages of tomato, such as spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during fruit setting period. For those with obvious symptoms of lack of fertilizer and premature aging, quick-acting fertilizers should be supplemented in time. (3) Timely conduct chemical control. The most effective agents used in production are tomato spirit and 2.4-D. The concentration of tomato spirit is 20-40 mg/kg, generally 25-30 mg/kg for spraying or dipping flowers, 30-35 mg/kg for pedicels, 35-40 mg/kg for preventing low-temperature falling flowers in spring, and summer Use 25 mg/kg to prevent high temperature falling flowers. 2.4-D is used at a concentration of 10-20 mg/kg. In high temperature seasons, the concentration of soaking or spraying flowers is slightly lower, and vice versa, but attention should be paid to prevent phytotoxicity.
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