With the development of agricultural industrialization technology, many crops are planted more and more time-saving and labor-saving, and the crops produced are not only high in yield, but also very good in variety, and can also effectively and quickly improve the economic benefits of farmers, so more The vegetable growing industry began to choose soilless cultivation. Today we have to say how the eggplant is soilless.
First, cultivation facilities
1. Cultivation trough: the frame is made of standard red brick of 24 cm X 12 cm X 5 cm. The inner diameter of the trough is 48 cm, the groove depth is 20 cm (the floor is 4 layers), the trough is 6.50 m, and the groove spacing (inner diameter) is 60. cm, extend north-south direction, north to south, the inclination of the bottom of 2-5 degrees, an intermediate bottom 20 cm wide open, to facilitate the exclusion of too much water, and bottom walls of 0.10 mm thick spread bis The film is separated from the soil, and each block uses 170 bricks. The film between the tanks is separated from the soil by the walkway. It can also be paved in the walkway between the tanks. After the tank is built, the groove surface is required to be flat.
2. Cultivation substrate: The proportion of the substrate is mushroom residue: corn stalk. The organic substrate is prepared two months before cultivation. When the temperature is low, it is sent out in the greenhouse. When the temperature is high, the material is released in the open space. The bacteria rods that are pulled back are finely divided, and 3 kg of superphosphate is added to each side to fully fill the mushroom residue. Soaked, the bottom layer of plastic is isolated from the soil, and the material is piled up to 1.50 meters high, covered with a film, fermented, turned once every 5-7 days, and added water according to the degree of dryness and wetness. When it is thinner and has no odor, it indicates that the material has been sent.
3. Water supply system: There is a water storage facility or a water storage tank with a water level difference of 1.50 meters. The drip irrigation pipe is used, and two drip irrigation pipes are arranged in the tank, and the bricks on both sides of the hose are 10 cm each.
Second, the tray has no soil seedlings
1. Variety selection: The choice looks healthy and bright.
2. Soaking seeds and germination: After the seeds are exposed to sunlight for two days, pour 55 °C warm water equivalent to 5 times the seed volume into the container of the seed, and stir while stirring. After changing the wash, soak it in water at 25-30 °C for 12 hours, then wash it clean, drain the water, wrap it in gauze, and place it in a plastic container. Cover it with a layer of wet towel and place it at 28-30 °C. In the germination, the seeds are washed once a day in the morning and evening, and the seeds are germinated after about 5-7 days.
3. Loading: Select 72-well seedling tray, put the seedling substrate into the seedling tray, water the water, and use the bottom of the other tray to press the seeding point to ensure the seed sowing depth is consistent.
4. Seeding: Seed the seeds in the trays, cover the first layer of the substrate or clean the surface sand, and after sprinkling the water, cover the layer of newspaper with a layer of newspaper. The old mulch or woven bag of the bottom of the tray is separated from the soil. The small arch shed is built on the outside, and the sunshade net is covered during the summer nursery.
5. Nursery management: Maintain the temperature of the substrate at 28-30 °C after sowing. When 60% of the seeds are emerged, remove the newspaper, keep the daytime temperature at 25-28 °C, and at night 15-18 °C. When the weather is hot, sprinkle at 10 o'clock every morning. 1 time of permeable water when the eggplant 4 pieces of true leaves can be transplanted and planted.
Third, cultivation management
1. Preparation before planting: Prepare the cultivation system half a month in advance, pour the substrate with tap water 1 week before planting, spray the frame with 1% potassium permanganate and trichlorfon 0.50 kg, wall, cultivation material, insect outlet mesh 40 may be provided, and then sealed tightly greenhouse the greenhouse temperature 3-5 days, after sterilization, chamber temperature no harmful insects and green plants, the greenhouse kept clean.
2, colonization: choose strong growth, neat and consistent seedlings, using double-row misplaced colonization, the plant spacing of 45 cm, keeping the plant base from the same part of the cultivation tank inner diameter of 10 cm, the depth of the planting level and the original cultivation surface is flat, while planting, Watering the plants, planting 700 cm wide ultra-thin film two days after planting.
Fourth, post-plant management
1, temperature, light management: eggplant is a typical thermophilic effect, seed germination temperature is 20-30 ° C, fertility suitable temperature is 17-25 ° C, the optimum temperature during the flowering period is 25-30 ° C during the day, night 15- 20 ° C, below 15 ° C growth slow, the minimum development temperature is 13 ° C, 10 ° C below the growth stop, therefore, in the winter night, we must pay attention to increase the insulation performance of greenhouse facilities, the minimum temperature is not lower than 13 ° C, to scrub the film, And the reflective curtain is hung on the back wall to enhance the light.
2. Moisture management: After planting, water is poured once a day on a sunny day. It is about 15 minutes every morning. It is not watered on cloudy days. Water is poured every 3 days in the deep winter season. After the temperature rises in February, it is poured every day. Secondary water.
3. Fertilization: 20 days after planting, topdressing is started. After 15 days, the topdressing is performed once every 15 days. Before the result, 13 grams of special fertilizer is used for each plant. The result is 17 grams per plant in the early stage, and the result is 20 grams per plant in the advanced period. The application was carried out at a distance of 5 cm from the root of the plant.
4, plant adjustment: the use of double dry pruning, leaving only 2 dry per plant, after the eggplant is sitting on the fruit, properly remove the base 1-2 pieces of old leaves, yellow leaves, when the eggplant is swollen, the whole leaves of the eggplant are knocked out, late Only two leaves were left under each eggplant fruit, and the remaining old leaves and excess side branches were all removed.
5, preserved fruit: in order to improve the rate of results and yield, to prevent low temperature or high temperature caused by falling flowers and produce deformed fruit, within 2 days before and after flowering, using a brush to apply 30 mg / kg of 2.4-D solution to the flower handle On top, add red water for marking, and pass the powder every 3 days.
V. Harvesting
Eggplant harvesting should be harvested in the first ten days of August under the premise of ensuring the conditions of fertilizer and water. Under normal circumstances, it can be harvested once every 1-2 days. Harvesting should be timely, without leaving old fruits, in order to improve the commerciality and yield of eggplant, and after grading and packaging, it can be listed.
The soilless cultivation technology of eggplant not only saves fertilizer, reduces fertilizer pollution, but also saves costs. It can be said that it is a very practical planting technique. There are many vegetables that can be grown without soil cultivation. If there are other vegetables that you want to grow, You are welcome to pay attention to the Hui Nong network for learning and planting.
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