Introduction of new varieties of freshwater breeding
Carp, belonging to the genus Euplotus, is a diverse group of fish with over 70 species worldwide, and more than 20 have been identified in China. While the term "carp" may sometimes be used loosely, it generally refers to fish from the family Cyprinidae, which includes many freshwater species. However, the text seems to mix up different fish species, such as carangids, squids, and eels, which are not all carp. Carangidae, for instance, are marine fish found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters. They are highly adaptable to salinity levels and can thrive in both seawater and brackish environments, with some even capable of living in freshwater.
These fish are commonly farmed in coastal areas and brackish water ponds. Popular species for aquaculture include the silver barb (also known as Aconitum argentinus), the red-eyed oystercatcher (or yellow pheasant), and the razor clam, though these names may refer to different species depending on the region. The body shape of carp is typically elongated and streamlined, which makes them efficient swimmers. In terms of taste and nutrition, carp is known for its tender, flavorful flesh, containing about 22% protein and 4% fat. Historically, squid—though not related to carp—has been considered a delicacy, especially in ancient Chinese courts, where it was regarded as a luxury food.
In traditional Chinese medicine, certain aquatic creatures were believed to have health benefits. For example, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" by Li Shizhen mentioned that eel meat could aid digestion and support internal organ health. Although this reference may not directly apply to carp, it highlights the cultural significance of various aquatic species.
Carp are omnivorous, feeding mainly on benthic diatoms and organic debris, but they also consume small aquatic animals. They are often raised together with other fish in polyculture systems. Under proper conditions, about 1,500 to 3,000 carp per hectare can grow to 400–500 grams within a year, yielding around 1,000 kilograms per hectare. Farmers often supplement their diet with by-products like bran, soybean cake, and alcohol residues to ensure adequate nutrition.
When it comes to breeding, squid (again, not carp) lay eggs in the ocean, and those caught near the coast must undergo desalination before being transported. In hatcheries, approximately 100,000 fry can be placed in 1/15 hectares of tanks. The process involves gradually mixing fresh water into seawater over about a week, ensuring the fish adapt without stress. During this time, proper feeding is essential to prevent weight loss. Fish from estuaries can be directly stocked into ponds without desalination.
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