First, do a good job in the control of the cultivation environment, mainly in the following four aspects:
1, temperature. Autumn and winter greenhouse tomatoes in the early growth period, the outside temperature is high, the management focus is to prevent tomato leggy, so when the outside minimum temperature is not less than 12 °C, the night greenhouse roof and tuyere (except for rain) do not close, try to increase Big day and night temperature difference. When the outside temperature is lower than 12°C, the tuyere is closed at night. When the outside minimum temperature is lower than 6°C, timely insulation covering should be performed. In the cold season, the management focus is to adopt warming and cold-proof measures to increase the temperature. The most suitable temperature is: 23°C to 30°C during the day, 15°C to 18°C ​​during the night, and the minimum night temperature is not lower than 10°C. Ground temperature 20 °C -22 °C; sunny noon temperature reached 32 °C, can open the top vent ventilation.
2, light. Tomato is a hi-light crop, to choose a good translucent light film or a high transmittance light drop mist film, and often scrub the film to keep the film surface clean; during the winter should be timely according to the weather uncover the grasshopper, as far as possible Extend the lighting time. In cloudy snow weather, while ensuring the temperature in the greenhouse above 12°C, the grasshoppers can be uncovered before and after noon to allow the plants to receive scattered light; in case of a long and cloudy sunny weather, attention should be paid to the grasshoppers playing one at a time to prevent sunlight. Too strong cause wilting of plants. Enter the reflective film on the back wall in November to maximize the light intensity.
3, air humidity. The optimal air relative humidity regulation index is: 80%-90% of the seedling-reducing period; 60%-70% of flowering fruit setting period; 50%-60% of the result period. The key is how to reduce the indoor humidity after the temperature is lowered, which is very important to control the occurrence and spread of the disease. Can be achieved by covering the film, using drip irrigation or submerged irrigation under the film, short-term ventilation and humidity removal in the morning, and temperature adjustment.
4, carbon dioxide fertilization. Less ventilation in winter and insufficient application of organic fertilizer will lead to low concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, so the effect of increasing carbon dioxide fertilization is significant. Generally, after exposing the short-term ventilation, carbon dioxide fertilization is performed when the temperature in the greenhouse reaches 20° C. or more, and the end of half an hour before ventilation, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches 1000-1500 mg/kg, especially in the period of fruit enlargement.
Second, hang vine pruning: the bamboo scaffolding replaced with silver-gray plastic rope hanging vines to fix the plant, timely removal of lateral and old leaves, yellow leaves; leave 4-6 fruit per plant, grow to the top of the ear when scheduled to remove the top , leave 2-3 leaves above the upper ear. If it is cultivated for a long season, a new method of continuous head-changing and pruning can also be adopted. When the fruit is about to be harvested, it will be topped. When the fruit is about to be harvested, one lateral branch will be cultivated to continue flowering and the main vine will be put downwards. Leave 2 spikes and then topping, leaving new lateral branches to continue growing and fruiting, and so on.
Third, spray flowers and thinning fruit: When every two-thirds of open flowers are used, “Shen Nong No. 2†sprays flowers to protect the fruit, and the concentration will be adjusted according to different temperatures in the greenhouse, and “Pythium†pesticides will be added to prevent gray mold. Immediately after fruiting, remove excess flowers and fruits, and remove malformed fruit. The fruit harvested by single fruit had 4 fruits per panicle, and the fruit harvested by bunches had 5-6 fruit per panicle.
Fourth, a reasonable watering: the use of drip irrigation under the film or dark irrigation, pouring water when planting, and then seedlings, to be the first ear fruit to 2 cm in size when the beginning of watering. Afterwards, watering with a small amount of ground water is required. In the low temperature season, the number of waterings should be minimized to avoid lowering the ground temperature, and attention should be paid to avoid excessive drought, and do not use flooding methods. In order to maintain proper moisture in the soil and indoor, it can promote plant growth and fruit development, and avoid the occurrence of cracking and other phenomena. It is advisable to maintain the maximum soil water holding capacity of 60%-80% in the result period.
V. Scientific top-dressing: adopt the method of “balanced fertilization†and the principle of “eat less and more mealsâ€, avoid the single application of nitrogen fertilizer and excessive amount of one-time fertilization, and in particular, ensure adequate supply of potash fertilizer. When the first ear grows to 2-3 cm in size, topdressing is started. After adding 5 kg of potassium nitrate per gram and 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, the size of each ear will grow to 2-3 cm. Apply 10kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and 4kg of water per acre for each topdressing rate, or apply 20kg of compound fertilizer (30% or more of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) to open a hole, and stop top dressing 30 days before pulling. During the middle and late period of growth, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed 4-5 times, spraying 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% of urea per acre, and spraying the fertilizer containing high potassium is the main result. Quickly add nutrition. And spray as far as possible on the back of the leaf for absorption.
VI. Pest Control:
Based on the prevention and control of agriculture, with the physical and biological control methods. Implementation of pesticide safety intervals, eliminate the use of medium and high toxic pesticides and blind drug use, in order to achieve pollution-free production of quality products.
1, late blight: easy to disease under low temperature and high humidity conditions, the general temperature of 15 °C -23 °C, air relative humidity above 75% when the disease is most likely to be popular, so timely ventilation, adjust the appropriate temperature and humidity, try to avoid Low-temperature and high-humidity environment; timely use of pesticides such as Ank manganese zinc, Prec, etc.
2, leaf mold: high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation conditions are easy to disease, to prevent excessive humidity in the shed, in the early stages of the use of chlorothalonil smoke fumigation or powder wipe powder control, is also available High or Tsui Bay pesticide spray control.
3, virus disease: seedlings most susceptible to disease, spread through pests, wounds and human operations. Insect nets are installed at the outlets and entrances to prevent pests from entering; pruning and hiccups are often disinfected with scissors and hand-use potassium permanganate solutions, and should be promptly disinfected after contact with the diseased plants; in the early stages of development, antivirus or viruses are used. A pesticide spray control.
4. Locust and whitefly: The air-infestation net is installed in the air outlet, and the armyworm yellow plate is hanged in the shed, and silver-grey agricultural plastic strips are used for prevention. When a large number of occurrence occur, 25% Acetate, 10% imidacloprid or 1% azadirachtin are used. The other agents used unified spray prevention in the early morning and used a 22% dichlorvos aerosol in the evening to fumigate.
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