During the whole growth process of tomatoes, various diseases will appear. The prevention and control of tomato diseases and insect pests should be based on the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control†and adhere to the “agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and chemical control as the secondary. The principle of harmless control.
Tomato cataplexy, late blight, bacterial wilt, viral disease, and gray mold are common diseases that occur throughout the growth of tomatoes. Techniques for Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests in Different Growing Periods of Tomatoes
First, the nursery period
1. The selection of disease-resistant varieties should use good varieties with low temperature adaptability and disease resistance.
2. Seed disinfection Put the tomato seeds into 55°C hot water and maintain the water temperature evenly for 15 minutes. Then quickly reduce the water temperature to about 30°C to prevent leaf mold, canker disease, and early blight soaking.
3, nurturing strong seedlings using nutrient-free seedlings nursery, or use giant lotus star Mukang Kang four seedbed treatment, effectively reduce soil-borne diseases, improve seedling resistance.
Second, the colonization period
1. Set the insect film covering the greenhouse film 15-20 days before planting, and install 50-60 mesh insect nets at the vents and entrances and exits, which can effectively prevent pests from entering.
2. Formula fertilization Reapply organic fertilizer, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, make-up application of micro-fertilizer. The per acre Shiren organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer 80-100 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15-20 kilograms, zinc fertilizer, boron each 1 kilogram.
3, withered and wilted 1 +1 film before spraying to improve soil structure to prevent soil-borne diseases.
4, mulching cultivating film covering the whole field cultivation, under the film dark irrigation, reduce the air humidity inside the shed, can effectively reduce the incidence of disease.
Third, the growth period
1. Hanging light curtains Before the advent of low temperatures in winter, a 1.5-meter-tall aluminum-plated reflective screen hangs on the northern wall of a solar greenhouse, which has the function of increasing light and temperature.
2. The implementation of variable temperature management, that is, sunny morning and evening air release, when the temperature of the greenhouse quickly rises to 33°C, it begins to release the top wind and reduces sporangia such as gray mold and late blight. When the temperature is above 25°C, the air release will continue at noon. In the afternoon, the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 20-25°C. When the temperature is 20°C, the air is closed, so that the temperature in the shed during the day is preferably 20-33°C and 15-20°C at night. On cloudy days, we must also conduct short-term ventilation and dehumidification to create ecological conditions that are conducive to the growth of tomatoes and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological disease control.
3, yellow plate trapping according to the habit of yellowing of pests such as Liriomyza huido, greenhouse whitefly, locust and other pests, in each standard shed (508 meters) hanging 30-40 cm yellow plate 20-25, and painted with petrolatum or butter, The height of the yellow plate is slightly higher than the growth point of the tomato plant at the lower edge of the yellow plate, eliminating the insect corpse trapped on it every day and reducing the population by more than 50%.
4, high temperature control disease When the field of gray mold, leaf mold, late blight, such as the occurrence of heavier and difficult to control, can be used short-term warming and bactericidal medicine antibiotics technology, that is, select the sunny noon closed shed, high temperature stuffy shed 2 Hours, the temperature is controlled at 36-40 °C, does not exceed 40 °C, once every 10 days, 2-3 consecutive times, can significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria, control the development and spread of the disease.
Tomato cataplexy, late blight, bacterial wilt, viral disease, and gray mold are common diseases that occur throughout the growth of tomatoes. Techniques for Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests in Different Growing Periods of Tomatoes
First, the nursery period
1. The selection of disease-resistant varieties should use good varieties with low temperature adaptability and disease resistance.
2. Seed disinfection Put the tomato seeds into 55°C hot water and maintain the water temperature evenly for 15 minutes. Then quickly reduce the water temperature to about 30°C to prevent leaf mold, canker disease, and early blight soaking.
3, nurturing strong seedlings using nutrient-free seedlings nursery, or use giant lotus star Mukang Kang four seedbed treatment, effectively reduce soil-borne diseases, improve seedling resistance.
Second, the colonization period
1. Set the insect film covering the greenhouse film 15-20 days before planting, and install 50-60 mesh insect nets at the vents and entrances and exits, which can effectively prevent pests from entering.
2. Formula fertilization Reapply organic fertilizer, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, make-up application of micro-fertilizer. The per acre Shiren organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer 80-100 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15-20 kilograms, zinc fertilizer, boron each 1 kilogram.
3, withered and wilted 1 +1 film before spraying to improve soil structure to prevent soil-borne diseases.
4, mulching cultivating film covering the whole field cultivation, under the film dark irrigation, reduce the air humidity inside the shed, can effectively reduce the incidence of disease.
Third, the growth period
1. Hanging light curtains Before the advent of low temperatures in winter, a 1.5-meter-tall aluminum-plated reflective screen hangs on the northern wall of a solar greenhouse, which has the function of increasing light and temperature.
2. The implementation of variable temperature management, that is, sunny morning and evening air release, when the temperature of the greenhouse quickly rises to 33°C, it begins to release the top wind and reduces sporangia such as gray mold and late blight. When the temperature is above 25°C, the air release will continue at noon. In the afternoon, the temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 20-25°C. When the temperature is 20°C, the air is closed, so that the temperature in the shed during the day is preferably 20-33°C and 15-20°C at night. On cloudy days, we must also conduct short-term ventilation and dehumidification to create ecological conditions that are conducive to the growth of tomatoes and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of ecological disease control.
3, yellow plate trapping according to the habit of yellowing of pests such as Liriomyza huido, greenhouse whitefly, locust and other pests, in each standard shed (508 meters) hanging 30-40 cm yellow plate 20-25, and painted with petrolatum or butter, The height of the yellow plate is slightly higher than the growth point of the tomato plant at the lower edge of the yellow plate, eliminating the insect corpse trapped on it every day and reducing the population by more than 50%.
4, high temperature control disease When the field of gray mold, leaf mold, late blight, such as the occurrence of heavier and difficult to control, can be used short-term warming and bactericidal medicine antibiotics technology, that is, select the sunny noon closed shed, high temperature stuffy shed 2 Hours, the temperature is controlled at 36-40 °C, does not exceed 40 °C, once every 10 days, 2-3 consecutive times, can significantly inhibit the growth of bacteria, control the development and spread of the disease.
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