Although not a source of energy for livestock and poultry, calcium and phosphorus are components of carcasses and play an important role in metabolism. It is indispensable for the normal growth and development of young livestock and poultry as well as for increasing productivity.
The role of nutrition: In addition to calcium as a component of bones and teeth, there is the role of inhibition of nerve and muscle excitement. When blood calcium is lower than normal, nerves and muscles are highly excited due to loss of inhibition, causing livestock and poultry to lick or paralyze. At the same time, calcium is also involved in normal coagulation and is also an activator or inhibitor of some enzymes. In addition to the composition of bones and teeth, phosphorus mainly participates in the formation of phosphate in the metabolism of many substances. In addition, phosphorus is also an important component of red blood cells and blood buffer substances.
Calcium and Phosphorus Insufficiency and Excess Influence on Livestock and Poultry: The consequences of insufficient supply of calcium and phosphorus in the feed are that the livestock prefers foreign materials such as clay, bricks, stones, etc. Livestock graze on each other or bite their ears. Chickens eat eggs. Sows eat piglets born; the symptoms are most pronounced in the absence of phosphorus. Insufficient severity can cause young animals to suffer from delirium. Because young animals suffer from delirium, it can lead to thick bones, enlarged joints of the limbs, osteoporosis, bending of the canal bone, and prone to fracture. The lack of calcium and phosphorus can also cause bone softness. disease. Occurs often in the second trimester and postpartum ewes, especially high-yielding cows are most likely to occur. When maternal livestock cannot meet nutrient requirements due to the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, it is necessary to maintain the calcium and phosphorus in the body's structure for the need of the fetus to grow or produce milk. If calcium and phosphorus stored in the body are used up, no supplement can be obtained. It can lead to osteoporosis, bone wall thinning, easy to fracture, and even spasm; calcium and phosphorus deficiency will also affect the reproductive rate of the breeding stock and the decline in the performance of public animals. Hens produce soft-shelled eggs and their egg production rate declines.
Excessive calcium and phosphorus supplementation is also harmful to livestock and poultry. Excessive calcium intake by ruminant livestock will inhibit rumen microbial activity and reduce the digestibility of the diet. Growing pigs and birds are very sensitive to high calcium diets. Too much phosphorus can cause hyperparathyroidism, resulting in a large number of bone phosphorus decomposition, resulting in malnutrition of bone tissue, prone to limp or fractures.
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