Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). Starting from China's national conditions, based on the current status and needs of China's nutrition and health, it clearly defined the guidance of national nutrition work in the period to come. Thoughts, basic principles, implementation strategies and major actions. From this issue, we will follow the goals and strategies highlighted in the "Plan", such as reducing the rate of anemia in the population, controlling the rate of overweight and obesity among students, and inviting nutrition experts to talk about specific practices, and guide everyone in scientific and reasonable diet, and improve Nutrition and health level.
The main goal of the National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the “Planâ€) mentioned that, by reducing the rate of anaemia in the population, by 2020, the anaemia rate of children under 5 years of age will be controlled below 12%, and the rate of anemia among pregnant women will decline. To 15% or less, the anemia rate of the elderly population dropped below 10%; by 2030, the anemia rate of pregnant children under 5 years old and the anemia rate of pregnant women were controlled below 10%.
The first goal of the "plan" is to reduce the rate of anaemia in the population and you can imagine the seriousness of the problem. Especially children under the age of 5, pregnant women and the elderly are high incidence of anemia.
There are many types of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common one, except for anemia caused by some disease factors. It is also one of the highest incidence of nutritional deficiencies in the world. A recent survey on the status of nutrition and health of Chinese residents showed that the average prevalence of anemia among Chinese residents was 15.2%, and the prevalence of anemia among infants, over 60 years of age, and women of childbearing age within 2 years of age was 24.2%, 21.5%, and 20.6%, respectively. . A survey of anaemia among people over 6 years of age in large, medium and small cities conducted from 2010 to 2012 showed that although the rate of anaemia among the population in the survey has significantly decreased, it is still not optimistic.
Iron is the most important trace element in the human body, and it is an important vital element necessary for maintaining the main metabolism of the body. Iron deficiency in children can lead to obstructed physical development, impair cognitive ability, may also cause psychological and behavioral changes, and reduce the body's resistance to infection. Anemia during pregnancy may lead to premature birth, low birth weight infants and fetal deaths. Anemia in the elderly can make the immune system low, impair cognitive function and exercise capacity, and adversely affect the heart and digestive system.
There are two types of iron in food: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is mainly derived from animals, and non-heme iron is mainly derived from plants. Because non-heme iron is susceptible to phytic acid, oxalic acid, and polyphenols in plants, the body's absorption and utilization of heme iron will be higher. . In general, the redder the meat, the more heme iron is contained. Heart, liver, kidney and other internal organs and animal blood contains the most abundant heme iron.
Among children under 5 years of age, infants with 6 months to 2 years of age have the highest rate of anaemia. Therefore, infants aged 6 months need to add iron-rich food supplement iron in time, such as the first addition of iron-fortified rice cereal, and then The egg yolk, liver mud, meat mud and so on. 2-5 years old is not only the key period of children's growth and development, but also the key period for cultivating children's good eating habits. It should ensure that a balanced diet, regular eating, no eclipse is not picky eaters.
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