Wintering aquaculture refers to the fact that some aquaculture species cannot safely pass winter in the local natural water temperature, and they must also be able to grow in the winter through artificial heat preservation measures so as to obtain an unconventional production of yield and benefits. Aquaculture wintering culture has the following aspects: First, make full use of the pond's idle time in the winter to increase the number of production parameters; Second, the balanced aquatic products will be put on the market, and some species that cannot grow in the winter will continue to be cultivated, avoiding concentrated harvest before the winter, resulting in price This decline has practical significance in the current situation where the prices of aquatic products are generally declining; the third is to enrich the market supply so that people can also eat non-seasonal fresh fresh water products in the winter; fourth is to promote the development of related industries such as insulation Production and supply of equipment and materials. The aim of wintering aquatic products for good economic benefits is to master two principles: higher cost for wintering culture, so choose higher-value aquatic products; use low-cost insulation methods as far as possible on the premise of safe wintering. , otherwise it loses its meaning because of excessive investment. Doumen District of Zhuhai City is the main area for winter fish breeding in Guangdong Province. The wintering area in this area accounts for about half of the province's total. The wintering method of insulation is the construction of plastic film greenhouses in ponds; wintering species are mainly Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and barramundi, yellow waxy and other fishes have been developed in recent years; wintering time is from late November to the following year. Early month. Doumen District has been developing wintering aquaculture for nearly a decade. Farmers have rich production experience. In 2003, the value of overwintering accounted for 15% of the total aquaculture output value, which has become an important production of Doumen Aquaculture. First, the economic benefits of wintering cultivation According to our statistics for many years, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the Doumen area has 8388 acres of winter sheds, the total output of 3,313 tons, the total output value of 102.18 million yuan, the total profit of 14.32 million yuan, the average profit of 1707 per mu. yuan. South American white prawns have 28,788 acres of overwintering sheds in Doumen District. The total output is 10066 tons, and the total output value is 31.03 million yuan. The total profit is 126.05 million yuan and the average profit is 4378 yuan per mu. It is worth mentioning that the seedlings introduced by wintering breeding of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are the medium and small-sized product shrimps that have been cultivated that year and stocking 350 kg per acre. The cost of seedlings is higher than that of Penaeus vannamei. Second, the analysis of overwintering production There are the following characteristics in the comparison between aquatic wintering and conventional breeding: 1. Higher production costs. The overwintering cultivation of aquatic products is obviously more than the cost of wintering sheds, which accounts for about 25% of the production cost. 2, higher unit production. In order to make full use of overwintering equipment, the density of overwintering is relatively large, and the yield is usually 20% higher than that of conventional farming. 3, the product price is higher. Winter-breeding products are listed on the market in February and March. At this time, there are not many fresh shrimps in the market. The price is more than 30 yuan per kilogram, but it is usually less than 20 yuan per kilogram. 4, higher economic efficiency. Despite the increase in overwintering equipment expenditure, due to the high price of the product and the high yield, the profit per hectare of overwintering cultivation is more than 50% higher than that of conventional farming. 5, higher technical requirements. Overwintering aquaculture not only requires good insulation measures, but it is difficult to change the water frequently because of the low water temperature in winter. Water quality management is also more difficult than conventional cultivation and it is prone to aquaculture accidents. Third, the main technical methods 1, the key is to build a winter shed. Doumen District of Zhuhai City is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer. It is basically frost-free throughout the year. In general, it can keep the water temperature above 16°C by covering greenhouses. This method that does not require manual heating has important significance for reducing the cost of overwintering. The requirements for the construction of wintering greenhouses are as follows: First, it is practical, and the area is better than 8 acres, which is conducive to the structure of the greenhouses and the convenience of aquaculture management; there is a certain slope on the roof, and there are drainage trenches around the excavation of the pond foundation, and the rainwater cannot be returned to the pond. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of greenhouses, the piles in the sheds are better and better to facilitate production operations; greenhouses can resist wind and rain, which is the key to safe wintering. The second is economic: After many years of improvement, at present, the construction of an acre of overwintering sheds in Doumen District requires about 3,600 yuan. The method is to erect a row of wood (bamboo) piles in the rectangular center of the pond, and piling down wooden piles on both sides of the pond foundation. Then pull the frame into a frame with a small diameter wire rope and cover it with a plastic film to form a "△" shape. In the summer, when the wintering sheds were removed, the plastic film and some piles could not be reused, and the steel wire ropes could be re-used. Therefore, the construction costs of the wintering sheds could be shared for two years, ie, 1,800 yuan per year. 2, do a good job of water quality management. Maintaining good water is another key technical measure for wintering aquaculture. In winter, when the water temperature is low, you cannot change the water frequently. Therefore, you should do the following water quality management: When the temperature is higher than 20°C, do not cover all over the winter shed and let the air circulate. Avoid high water temperature, resulting in deterioration of water quality; often start the aerator, keep enough dissolved oxygen in the water, and use the method of disposing a blower to connect the bottom of the air pipe to the bottom of the pond. Oxygen comes from the fresh air outside the greenhouse. When the water temperature is low, The food intake of shrimps should be reduced, and appropriate feeding should be carried out to avoid damaging the water quality of residual baits. Once every half month, beneficial bacteria should be applied, ammonia nitrogen in water should be degraded, and nitrite and other harmful substances should be reduced; During the winter breeding process, accidents may occur due to low temperature, lack of oxygen, etc., resulting in failure, and the price of the product is usually higher during the Spring Festival. Therefore, the wintering culture does not necessarily last until the entire winter, so long as the price is appropriate, the market should be harvested. Get the best economic benefits.
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