First, the symptoms. At the beginning of the disease, the epidermis of the diseased area had water spots, irregular edges, light brown to red-brown lesions, slightly raised, and then gradually expanded until it surrounded the trunk and spread up and down. The diseased tissue is in early stages of wet rot, with a distiller's grain smell, and sometimes yellow-brown sap overflows from the surface of the diseased skin. After dehydration, the bark shrinks and sinks, the epidermis cracks, and the dead bark peels off. It can be seen as a stained white to light yellow fan-shaped stretch. Mycelium. Diseases develop rapidly under suitable conditions. The pathogens mainly spread in the cortex. When the disease is serious, the surface of the xylem can also infect, and the tree vigor is severely degraded. The bark of the diseased part is split longitudinally and partially exposed. Brown phloem remnants and xylem. When vigorously growing shoots are damaged, uplifted callus occurs around the lesions, especially in the upper part of the diseased part. When the ulcer surrounds the branches, the upper leaves gradually wither and the leaves cease to grow, turning into yellow or red-brown, and then Withered, there are usually adventitious shoots that are budded in adventitious buds under the diseased branch ulcer.
Second, the pathogen. The pathogens of chestnut blight are parasitic endospora, which are classified in Ascomycete subsp., Rhizoctomycetes, Spherochicoccaceae, Sepiotaceae, and Epiphyseal. The pathogens overwinter through the perennial mycelium and sub-plants on the diseased tree. The route of transmission depends mainly on rain, and sometimes insects and birds can also become media. Most of the bacteria invaded from the burn wound, marry the interface, cut the sawing mouth and other mechanical damage, in which the sunburn, frostbite and grafting interface is the most common pathogen invasion point.
Third, the incidence of law. From April to March each year, light brown-yellow sub-spots develop on lesions, and the germs begin to harm activities, often causing branches to die. In May-June, when there is much rain and the air is humid, a large number of orange-yellow conidial horns are generated on the sub-seat, conidiospores are released, and the damage is transmitted through wind and rain. From July to September, the disease progressed further and began to infect again. After a new lesion emerged, it developed rapidly until the bark of the diseased tissue became disintegrated and scaled off. Before the freezing season in November, sexual spores were gradually generated and the germs ceased to be active. The disease is closely related to temperature and humidity. It is rainy, humid, and the most serious. Chestnuts with low soil, weak vigor, and high groundwater level, or difficult to drain, are also affected.
Fourth, control methods
(1) Strengthen quarantine to prevent diseased seedlings or scions from spreading to disease-free areas. If stricken seedlings need to be transferred from the wards, 1:1:160-fold Bordeaux mixture or 3-5 waves must be sprayed before germination, except for rigorous testing. Mido lime sulfur and other fungicides are then colonized. (2) Pay attention to the selection and use of disease-resistant varieties. (3) Strengthen management of chestnut gardens, appropriate pruning, improvement of soils, enhancement of tree vigor, and improvement of tree disease resistance. (4) To avoid the mechanical damage of the tree, the branches will be painted white in winter and summer to prevent freezing injury and sunburn. Once the wound is caused, it should be disinfected and protected with Bordeaux mixture and other agents to prevent the invasion of bacteria. (5) Remove the lesions in a timely manner and apply the rot rotten enemy 40 times in stages, spray 40% Familis 100-150 times, 401 antibacterial agents 200 times and 0.1% Pingping to disinfect, severe disease trees promptly cut out, burn in a concentrated manner . (6) Active prevention and control of barnyardgrass pests. During the entire growth period of chestnuts, when pests are found to injure the young shoots and leaves, they should be sprayed with liquid dimethoate at 1:1500 times, or killed by enemies, to protect branches and leaves from injury.
Poly Gamma Glutamic Acid is a natural occurring, multi-functional, and biodegradable biopolymer. Agricultural Grade Poly-Γ-Glutamic Acid is produced through fermentation by Bacillus subtilis using glutamic acid. Poly Gamma Glutamic Acid is consists of glutamic acid monomers cross-linked between α-amino and γ-carboxyl groups, and the molecular weight of PGA is usually between 100~1000 kDa. It is water-soluble, edible and non-toxictowards human, and is environment friendly. It has broad applications in the fields of medicine, food, cosmetics, and water treatment.
Applications
*Base Fertilizer:
Use it about 10kgs for a unit of area, then irrigate with clean water or muck water. Or irrigate amino acid together with water. Or fertilize with other compound fertilizers, broadcast application, hole application both are ok. It is applicable to all the crops.
*Foliar Fertilizer:
Dilute it by 800-1000 times and spray directly. Also, it can spray by mixed with trace element. Use 200-500g for a unit of area.
*Compound Fertilizer & Irrigation Fertilizer:
It can be added to compound fertilizer by rate of 5-8%, improve the nutrient content of compound fertilizer, increases crops` direct absorption.
Advantage For Fertilizer Gamma-PGA
1.Easy and high-efficacy absorption by plants.
2.Help the absorption and the translocation of the nutrients in cells.
3.Improves the immune system of the crops and increases their resistance against diseases, severe weather.
4.Simulates protein synthesis and gives strength to plants accelerating their growth
Agricultural Grade Poly-γ-glutamic Acid
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