Apple ringworm disease, also known as rough Pei Bo, water rotten disease rotten fruit Bo, rosy brown rot, verrucous scaly skin, Pei Bo. The main damage stems and fruits, but also damage the leaves.
Symptoms The trunk damage is centered on the lenticels, resulting in water-stained, dark-brown spots that gradually enlarge. The texture becomes hard, the center is raised, the edges are cracked, and cracks develop in the diseased part and gradually deepen to form round or irregular circles. Shaped brown pods ranging in diameter from 0.3cm to 2-3cm. The lesions were solitary or 2-3 contiguous, and the texture was hard, and then the periphery of the lesion gradually subsided, becoming a concave circle. By the second year, many black spots appeared on the lesions, namely the conidia of the pathogen. With the formation of the formation of the Kinpotsu formation, the diseased part is gradually bulging around, and the disease and health junctions produce cracks, and even the lesions can lift off. Lesions are not limited to the cortex, and about one-fourth can invade the xylem. When the branches are severely infected, many lesions are crowded together and the surface of the branches is extremely rough. Therefore, it is also referred to as verrucous dermatoglycemia, which often causes the branches to die early. The incidence of the fruits is mostly in the near mature stage or the initial stage of storage. At first, the surface of the fruit surface was stained with water-stained brownish, nearly round spots. After enlargement, it was dark red-brown with obvious concentric rings. The lesions develop rapidly and within a few days the entire fruit can be rotted and often give off a sour smell. In the late stage of the disease, black spots gradually appear; when the leaves are on the path, a brown or brownish lesion with a nearly round or irregular shape is produced. There are concentric ring patterns, with a size of 0.5-1.5 cm, gradually turning gray and growing black. Small grain. When many lesions occur on a blade, they often cause dryness and early fall.
Infection cycle? Pathogens use mycelium, conidiospore, and ascoma fruit to overwinter in diseased tissues of branches, leaves, and fruits. They are the first source of infection for the second year, and the mycelium in the diseased tissue can survive. 5 years. The most important source of infestation is the pathogenic bacteria on the branches. Conifers that overwinter over the branches usually begin to disseminate conidia in the rain in late April, and conidia increase in the middle and late May. Spores are mainly transmitted through wind and rain, and the distance is generally not more than 10m. After the spores germinate, the perforations penetrated into the fruit and branches, and the normal incubation period was about 15 days. The bacteria have latent infection. New shoots generally form new lesions centered on lenticels from late September. The new lesions rarely produced conidiospores in the year, and a large number of conidia and conidia were formed in the second and third year. The ability to produce conidiospores after the fourth year was significantly reduced. The spore formation ability of lesions on branches is closely related to the age of the branches and the age of lesions. The new lesions on the branch from 2 to 6 years have strong sporulation ability. On the contrary, the spore production ability of the branches above 10 years is weak, and new lesions of different ages are successively generated after the old lesions lose the ability to produce spores. . One-year-old young shoots are the most susceptible and can be infested by rain for 24 hours at 20-25°C. Leaf disease usually starts from May, and it is the most frequent disease from July to September. Usually, the incidence of leaf disease is very slight and will not directly affect the tree vigor. ?
The occurrence and prevalence of ringworm disease is closely related to the conditions of the climate and breeds. When the temperature is higher than 20 °C, relative humidity is higher than 75%, or continuous rainfall, and the rainfall reaches 10mm or more, the infection is often heavy. On the contrary, in the high temperature and drought season, the spores emit less, have less infection, and have a lighter disease. From June to July, it is the period with the highest spore emission in the whole year, and it is also the peak period of infection throughout the year.
Control methods
1 Remove the initial infestation source: scrape the rough skin in winter and destroy it, and apply it with 100% liquid of 5% bacteriostatic water solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 50 times or copper sulfate with 1% 90% or more Disinfect the solution. Before germination, spray 50% of sulfur suspension agent 200 times or 5% of bacteria water solution 500 times; scrape treatment: branches should be timely scraped disease, and then brush 30 to 50 times liquid antibacterial agent 401, 402 , Or use 1% copper sulfate solution, Baume 5 degrees lime sulfur; spraying protection of the fruit: spraying 10% of the 200 times film of methyl blocking agent, 50% of thiophanate-methyl WP of 800 times, in late May, 40% carbendazim suspension agent 700 times, 53.8% can kill 2000 dry suspension agent 1000 times, 70% Golkon Ultra wettable powder 1500-2000 times, 50% copper citrate copper WP 500 times liquid, 1:2:240 times Bordeaux mixture, 30% green suspension gel 300 to 500 times; Fruit bagging: Bagging within one month after flowering, one bag per fruit. Strengthen the management of storage period: Strictly remove the disease before entering the warehouse or entering the pit, control the temperature and humidity, find the disease, and promptly remove the disease to reduce the occurrence of disease.
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