In recent years, some farmers have reformed rice fields as Putian. Although they have obtained good economic benefits, due to technological level and other reasons, output has declined year by year. Theoretically speaking, more than 500 kilograms of lotus root can be produced per mu of paddy field, but generally only 75-100 kilograms of production is produced. What are the reasons for the low output of lotus root? What are the countermeasures? The analysis is as follows:
I. Unreasonable fertilization When choosing the paddy field, the soil is too shallow or too deep to be conducive to high yield. Such a paddy field is not fertile, the soil is thin, and it is not conducive to the rapid growth of lotus roots, which results in slow growth, delayed growth, and small flowers. Small Penghu, lotus seeds are light and light, yield is low. In particular, most of the plots were not treated with organic fertilizer. Neither manure nor green manure was used. The use of calcium superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate alone, and the lack of necessary potassium and trace elements, caused a reduction in production. Therefore, paddy fields should be plowed twice before planting, and 1,000 kilograms of human and animal manure or 2000-2,500 kilograms of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizers should be applied, and 35-50 kilograms of superphosphate and 5-75 kilograms of potassium chloride should be applied. Do mud and live fat, this has a significant effect on winning high yields.
Second, serious continuous cropping cultivation in Putian is the highest in the second year, and the output will decline year after year. In general, continuous cropping should be changed for three years. With the expansion of lotus root cultivation area, there will be no “saturated planting†method for crop rotation. Even if the management is fine and the fertilizer is sufficient, the yield is not easy to increase. It has been proved that the reduction in production of lotus roots for three consecutive years is 16 3%, and that for continuous production for four years is 455%. Should choose to plant 1-2 years, strong growth, large lotus, flowers, no spoilage, high yield of lotus root seeding, choose not planted fertile lotus paddy field planting, calving volume can be increased by about 20%. Newly-planted lotus root as long as the appropriate early planting, pay attention to reasonable dense planting, early tube, etc., have little effect on post-planting late rice, and there is a short-term rotation effect.
Third, pests and diseases Major pests and diseases that affect lotus root production are lotus root spoilage disease, lotus spoilage disease, lotus leaf spot and lotus, lotus root, lotus horse and so on. Pests and diseases are mainly concentrated from mid-May to mid-to-late June. The prevention and control method is to apply fresh lime of 75 kg per mu before planting, which can prevent diseases and supplement calcium to lotus root. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase the plant's resistance to diseases. Spray 50% carbendazim WP 600-800 times, or 50% thiophanate WP 800-1000 times, every 7 - Once sprayed for 10 days, sprayed 2-3 times, and when the lotus bud harms the lotus leaf or lotus in July-August, 25% of the enemy can kill 15 ml.
Fourth, the reduction of pollinating insects and the reduction of seed setting rate The lotus root is a cross-pollination-based crop, mainly relying on bee pollination. As a result of the abuse of chemical pesticides, bees have been greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the seed setting rate of lotus roots. To this end, artificially-assisted pollination techniques should be greatly promoted, and the seed setting rate can generally be increased by 20% to 30%. The method is to select the fresh lotus flower opened on the previous day or the same day at 5-7 in the morning, hold the flower handle in one hand, dipped in the clean and dry brush with the male powder of the flower, and lightly coat the pistil style of the other flower. On the other hand, when applying the pistil, one hand should also be used to hold the flower stalk. Generally, 3 to 5 female flowers can be given by dipping the pollen of the stamen. Each female flower only pollinates once. After 3 days of pollination, the top of the lotus seed can be seen darkened. Indicates that the powder has been granted.
V. Variety Degradation A good variety has been cultivated in one place for a long time, the variety will be degraded, the particles will become smaller, the resistance to disease will decline, the quality will be worse, and the yield will drop. Therefore, in order to prevent the degradation of the varieties, good bees should be selected each year when digging. Select fresh lotus roots, short bodies, dense internodes, and three types of end buds (ie, one main bud and two lateral buds) and no damage to the lotus root. In addition, the variety should be changed regularly. Some lotus varieties with high yield and good traits, effective number of lotus roots, high seed setting rate, and resistance to fall disease resistance were selected as successor varieties.
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