First, choose suitable cotton varieties
1. Liaomian No. 10 has a plant height of about 70 cm, and its leafy green hypertrophy. Each plant has 8.43 bells, round bells, and lack of sharpness. Barely cultivated for 146 days, covering 137 days, suitable for film cultivation, the pre-frost flower rate of 83-90%. Strong growth potential, easy to maintain seedlings, not premature aging, good bells, cotton bolls uniform size, open focus. The average boll weight is 4.67 grams, the percentage of clothes is 35.72%, and the length of fibers is more than 29 millimeters. Strong resistance to resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling disease, and larvae disease. The cotton plants are loose, strong growth potential, planting density should not be too large, an average of 6000-7000 strains per mu, and 10-12 fruit sticks per plant.
2. Jinmian 3 very early-maturing varieties, compact plant type, oblique or cylindrical fruit branches, about 65 cm tall and strong topping, purple main stem, pitch 5-6 cm. Larger leaves, no dead leaves, live stalk open flocculation. Bell oval, shell is thin, easy to crack, open and smooth and concentrated, burst period of 15-20 days. The number of bolls per plant was 7.35 and the boll weight was 5.89 grams. The whole growth period was 135-140 days, the pre-frost flower rate was over 85%, and the resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling stage disease, and resistance to the larvae disease and yield were slightly better than Liaomian 9. Can be densely planted and retain fruit branches. The average fertilizer is 7500-8000 Mu seedlings, and 8-10 fruit branches; 9,000-10,000 sloping lands and 6-7 fruit branches. Low-temperature and rainy years, appropriate to keep fruit branches. Appropriate for planting in the north of Liaoning and western Liaoning.
Second, bare cotton cultivation techniques
1. Selection of land and ridges (1) Land selection: Cotton is a hi-temperature and hi-light crop. Liaoning belongs to the special early-maturity cotton area, which is the highest latitude in the country's cotton area. The cold regions in the north are not suitable for cotton planting; the cotton roots are well developed and the root depth is more than 2 meters. Therefore, the cotton field should be selected as a layer with deep soil, medium or higher fertility, or a sunny slope. The soil is heavy, back-yang, and glutinous. It is not appropriate to grow cotton. The farmer said: "The cotton seedlings are like fire, and the sand traps are the best."
(2) Ridge: Cottonseed top soil ability, and to bring out two leaves unearthed, resistance. Moreover, the increase in production of cotton in Liaoning depends mainly on the monarchy, and it is necessary to ensure a certain density, and planting and preserving seedlings is the basis for increasing cotton production. Therefore, cotton field preparation must be meticulous, and cottonseeds should be absorbed slowly. Cottonseeds themselves are rich in fat and protein, and their transformation is slow. The time of emergence is long and the amount of water absorbed is large (equivalent to the weight of seeds). The cotton field must maintain sufficient moisture. It is required that ridges be prepared early in the cotton fields, and the ridges in autumn be best. Spring ridges should also be completed by the end of March, and no later than April 5 (before the Qingming). Land preparation is fine and there is no waste in the soil, and the water supply is no less than 18%. Rilling and fertilizing should not be less than 3,000 kilograms of agricultural fertilizer.
2. Seed treatment (1) Seed fine soil selection: The cottonseed should be carefully selected, remove the pod seeds, big hair seeds, light seeds, and the bud rate is not less than 90%.
(2) Drying: The cottonseed shell is thick and has poor water permeability. The seeds must be air-dried before sowing. Spread the cottonseeds, sunny days 2-3 days, turn several times a day, cottonseed with a shake in your hand is appropriate. Sun care Do not place cottonseed directly on cement and other non-breathable ground to prevent drying out of dead seeds. The seed drying can not only increase the seed germination rate, enhance the germination potential, but also has the effects of sterilization and insect control, and can not be ignored.
(3) Lining treatment: The cottonseed is easy to be sowed (the machine must be dehaired), and the cashmere can be taken back as the industrial raw material - cotton linters.
1 Mechanical fluffing. The cotton purchasing department should carry out one or two fluffings of cottonseed, and it is necessary to take off three flax. 2 sulfuric acid off. Sulfuric acid velvet is not only convenient for seed selection (through water selection, it can eliminate the use of artificial seed selection), but also can remove the insects and pathogens on the cottonseed, and it can also facilitate the coating of cottonseed. The fluff is added with 500 ml of sulphuric acid at a temperature of 110-120 per 10 kg of cotton linter, and the mixture is stirred down until the fluff is completely dissolved, and then washed and dried. 3 Chemical seed dressing, disease prevention and pest control: The newly-applied cottonseed seed coating technology can not only preserve seedlings, but also emerge 2-3 days earlier, reduce seedling pests and reduce costs. 4 soaking germination: cotton seed soaked in water at 30-40 °C, soaked seed coat, cotton seedlings from the Wei Wei layer to be broadcast, warm water soaking to do diligent turning, avoid heat accumulation of burning seeds, especially in the disaster-damaged cotton fields, in order to speed up Soaking time, flooding should be hot, but also pay attention to turning cottonseed. If the yellowness of the cotton is found, it means that the seeds will not be sown. In the production practice, there is the practice of soaking seeds in water at 80-90°C. This method can be used to perish the cotton seeds with poor ripeness. However, it must be noted that the temperature of cottonseed must be reduced to about 20°C before it can be turned. Seeding water in dry areas can germinate seeds.
3. Seed sowing and seedling preservation (1) sowing: local temperature stability at 12 °C, after the emergence of cottonseed can avoid local night cream, that is, the appropriate time for sowing. Suitable planting seasons for Liaoning cotton area are generally in mid-April and late. In order to strive for an effective period of growth, the cotton fields in western Liaoning are more likely to use "frost before sowing, after emergence of frost."
(2) Sowing density: generally determined according to the requirements of the selected species. The flat land should be thin and the slopes should be dense.
(3) Depth of planting: The plant spacing is determined according to the selected density and ridge distance. It must be equidistant whether it is seeded or artificially planted. The depth of the ditch is 5 cm, but it must be above the horizon to facilitate the management of temperature and seedlings. The cover soil does not exceed 3 cm (except for sowing in the arid area).
(4) Checking the field to ensure the seedling density: after emergence, the broken seedling section must be promptly remedied. Seedlings can be taken before and after, left and right ways to borrow two plants; lack of seedlings should be promptly replanted to ensure a reasonable density.
4. Field management (1) Early shoveling and shoveling: The management of cotton fields highlights an early word and helps to build strong sprouts early.
1. Liaomian No. 10 has a plant height of about 70 cm, and its leafy green hypertrophy. Each plant has 8.43 bells, round bells, and lack of sharpness. Barely cultivated for 146 days, covering 137 days, suitable for film cultivation, the pre-frost flower rate of 83-90%. Strong growth potential, easy to maintain seedlings, not premature aging, good bells, cotton bolls uniform size, open focus. The average boll weight is 4.67 grams, the percentage of clothes is 35.72%, and the length of fibers is more than 29 millimeters. Strong resistance to resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling disease, and larvae disease. The cotton plants are loose, strong growth potential, planting density should not be too large, an average of 6000-7000 strains per mu, and 10-12 fruit sticks per plant.
2. Jinmian 3 very early-maturing varieties, compact plant type, oblique or cylindrical fruit branches, about 65 cm tall and strong topping, purple main stem, pitch 5-6 cm. Larger leaves, no dead leaves, live stalk open flocculation. Bell oval, shell is thin, easy to crack, open and smooth and concentrated, burst period of 15-20 days. The number of bolls per plant was 7.35 and the boll weight was 5.89 grams. The whole growth period was 135-140 days, the pre-frost flower rate was over 85%, and the resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, seedling stage disease, and resistance to the larvae disease and yield were slightly better than Liaomian 9. Can be densely planted and retain fruit branches. The average fertilizer is 7500-8000 Mu seedlings, and 8-10 fruit branches; 9,000-10,000 sloping lands and 6-7 fruit branches. Low-temperature and rainy years, appropriate to keep fruit branches. Appropriate for planting in the north of Liaoning and western Liaoning.
Second, bare cotton cultivation techniques
1. Selection of land and ridges (1) Land selection: Cotton is a hi-temperature and hi-light crop. Liaoning belongs to the special early-maturity cotton area, which is the highest latitude in the country's cotton area. The cold regions in the north are not suitable for cotton planting; the cotton roots are well developed and the root depth is more than 2 meters. Therefore, the cotton field should be selected as a layer with deep soil, medium or higher fertility, or a sunny slope. The soil is heavy, back-yang, and glutinous. It is not appropriate to grow cotton. The farmer said: "The cotton seedlings are like fire, and the sand traps are the best."
(2) Ridge: Cottonseed top soil ability, and to bring out two leaves unearthed, resistance. Moreover, the increase in production of cotton in Liaoning depends mainly on the monarchy, and it is necessary to ensure a certain density, and planting and preserving seedlings is the basis for increasing cotton production. Therefore, cotton field preparation must be meticulous, and cottonseeds should be absorbed slowly. Cottonseeds themselves are rich in fat and protein, and their transformation is slow. The time of emergence is long and the amount of water absorbed is large (equivalent to the weight of seeds). The cotton field must maintain sufficient moisture. It is required that ridges be prepared early in the cotton fields, and the ridges in autumn be best. Spring ridges should also be completed by the end of March, and no later than April 5 (before the Qingming). Land preparation is fine and there is no waste in the soil, and the water supply is no less than 18%. Rilling and fertilizing should not be less than 3,000 kilograms of agricultural fertilizer.
2. Seed treatment (1) Seed fine soil selection: The cottonseed should be carefully selected, remove the pod seeds, big hair seeds, light seeds, and the bud rate is not less than 90%.
(2) Drying: The cottonseed shell is thick and has poor water permeability. The seeds must be air-dried before sowing. Spread the cottonseeds, sunny days 2-3 days, turn several times a day, cottonseed with a shake in your hand is appropriate. Sun care Do not place cottonseed directly on cement and other non-breathable ground to prevent drying out of dead seeds. The seed drying can not only increase the seed germination rate, enhance the germination potential, but also has the effects of sterilization and insect control, and can not be ignored.
(3) Lining treatment: The cottonseed is easy to be sowed (the machine must be dehaired), and the cashmere can be taken back as the industrial raw material - cotton linters.
1 Mechanical fluffing. The cotton purchasing department should carry out one or two fluffings of cottonseed, and it is necessary to take off three flax. 2 sulfuric acid off. Sulfuric acid velvet is not only convenient for seed selection (through water selection, it can eliminate the use of artificial seed selection), but also can remove the insects and pathogens on the cottonseed, and it can also facilitate the coating of cottonseed. The fluff is added with 500 ml of sulphuric acid at a temperature of 110-120 per 10 kg of cotton linter, and the mixture is stirred down until the fluff is completely dissolved, and then washed and dried. 3 Chemical seed dressing, disease prevention and pest control: The newly-applied cottonseed seed coating technology can not only preserve seedlings, but also emerge 2-3 days earlier, reduce seedling pests and reduce costs. 4 soaking germination: cotton seed soaked in water at 30-40 °C, soaked seed coat, cotton seedlings from the Wei Wei layer to be broadcast, warm water soaking to do diligent turning, avoid heat accumulation of burning seeds, especially in the disaster-damaged cotton fields, in order to speed up Soaking time, flooding should be hot, but also pay attention to turning cottonseed. If the yellowness of the cotton is found, it means that the seeds will not be sown. In the production practice, there is the practice of soaking seeds in water at 80-90°C. This method can be used to perish the cotton seeds with poor ripeness. However, it must be noted that the temperature of cottonseed must be reduced to about 20°C before it can be turned. Seeding water in dry areas can germinate seeds.
3. Seed sowing and seedling preservation (1) sowing: local temperature stability at 12 °C, after the emergence of cottonseed can avoid local night cream, that is, the appropriate time for sowing. Suitable planting seasons for Liaoning cotton area are generally in mid-April and late. In order to strive for an effective period of growth, the cotton fields in western Liaoning are more likely to use "frost before sowing, after emergence of frost."
(2) Sowing density: generally determined according to the requirements of the selected species. The flat land should be thin and the slopes should be dense.
(3) Depth of planting: The plant spacing is determined according to the selected density and ridge distance. It must be equidistant whether it is seeded or artificially planted. The depth of the ditch is 5 cm, but it must be above the horizon to facilitate the management of temperature and seedlings. The cover soil does not exceed 3 cm (except for sowing in the arid area).
(4) Checking the field to ensure the seedling density: after emergence, the broken seedling section must be promptly remedied. Seedlings can be taken before and after, left and right ways to borrow two plants; lack of seedlings should be promptly replanted to ensure a reasonable density.
4. Field management (1) Early shoveling and shoveling: The management of cotton fields highlights an early word and helps to build strong sprouts early.
Anesthesia Medical Co., Ltd. , http://www.sinoanesthesia.com