Qingtian County is a local variety that has been cultivated for a long time in Qingtian County. It is known as Lactuce indical (L.), also known as ramie, goose, and mountain lettuce. It is an annual or new year of the genus Asteraceae. Large herbaceous plants, smooth and glabrous, with milky white juice, straight roots, plant height 50–80 cm, leaf clusters lanceolate, 30–50 cm long, 6–8 cm wide. The flower head is born on the top of the stem and it is white in color. It is narrowly lanceolate and has a long, mouthed tip. The bitter mash is slightly bitter, with high protein, vitamins and many nutrients that the body needs. The bitter muscats have a strong mouth-feel and they have the effect of removing heat, detoxifying the stomach, removing heat, removing blood stasis, and removing blood stasis. When the food is difficult, the bitter ramie is a wild food that replaces hunger. Now that the standard of living has improved, people use it as a green food and wild vegetables to improve their lives. This makes bitter horse vegetables gradually become the Pang children's table.
The bitter hemp dish is hardy, heat-resistant, wide in adaptability, and strong in regeneration. It can be harvested once every 10 days, and it can be quickly regenerated after harvesting. The average yield per mu is about 5000 kg. My county is currently planting more than 2,000 mu of ramie, most of which are planted in the surrounding townships of the county. About 4,000 plants are planted per acre, with a yield of up to 5,000 kg per mu. Another 600 kg of bark can be stripped and the economic benefit is 10,000 yuan per mu. Bitter leaves 4 yuan / kg, bitter hemp skin 20 yuan / kg, a single strain of bitter hemp can be sold more than 10 yuan, the market is selling very well, the county's major hotels in short supply, welcomed by merchants around. The ramie cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
First, soil preparation
There is no strict requirement on the soil of the bitter ramie, and the cultivation site is selected to be sunny and ventilated, and the drainage and irrigation are convenient. The bitter hemp seed has small seeds, soft buds and weak top soil. It requires soil looseness, suitable moisture, and flatness, and adequate base fertilizer. The varieties of bitter hemp seeds are selected from the local farmers. The bitter hemp seeds are heat-resistant, cold-resistant and adaptable. They can be planted all year round, can be harvested in spring and summer, harvested in summer, harvested in early autumn before New Year's Day, and planted in winter greenhouses.
Second, nursery transplanting
Using electrothermal hotbed nursery, the proportion of seedbed soil is 7:3, 7 parts of Datian soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, and 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soil is added. After fully mixing, it is spread in the seedbed. Seedlings should be soaked in water and ready for sowing after drying. One week before sowing, the seeds were sunned for 2 hours in the sun. Because the seed was light and fine, it was mixed with lime and then sprinkled on the alfalfa. High-yield cultivation techniques for greenhouse peppers were planted in early spring for 1~3 months, and usually emerged in 10~15 days; in summer, seedlings were exposed in 4~6 months and emerged in 4~6 days; in autumn, they were raised in 7~9 months and emerged in 4~6 days; Winter cultivation can be planted in the middle shed from November to December. Spreading and seeding can all be done. The seedlings in the seedlings are ditched horizontally. Repression after sowing to ensure sensation and seedlings. To grow 5 to 6 leaves when transplanting Daejeon. 1 seedling per hole, spacing 22 to 25 cm, 13 to 17 cm from the hole, after the planting water poured live trees, timely fill the seedlings. The first cricket can be harvested in about 30 days.
Third, Shizujifei
The yield of bitter hemp is high, and the growth is fast. The amount of basal fertilizer should be sufficient. It requires 2000kg per mu, 25kg of compound fertilizer, and 2000kg of human waste. After the field is transplanted for one time, after harvesting for three or four months, it can be used as appropriate. Application of compound fertilizer 5kg, human excrement 500kg.
Fourth, field management
Proper dense planting can produce high yields, and after planting, the rooting water is poured. Autumn sowing in July-September is experiencing high temperature and dry season, and often heavy rain, after transplanting should be filled with live water, cover with shade nets 5 to 7 days, after living in the event of rainy days can be lifted shade nets, fertilizer and water moderate, In order to facilitate the normal growth of buckwheat; autumn and winter sowing in open season 10 to November transplanted, in December hit cold wave invasion, need to transplant in the greenhouse. The temperature in the winter greenhouse should not exceed 30°C. Pay attention to timely ventilation and cooling. The temperature in the night greenhouse should be maintained at 15-20°C. When the minimum temperature in the night is higher than 15°C, ventilation should be conducted overnight to reduce the humidity. The air humidity in the greenhouse should not be too high. Avoid flooding and drowning. After the flood irrigation, the ground water will increase rapidly, affecting the growth and development of the roots. It will also greatly increase the occurrence of pests and diseases in the shed and even cause shed damage. Throughout the growth and development period, keep the field moist and the soil loose. Seedling height 7 to 10 cm when weeding, after each harvest, the first cultivator weeding, and then pouring manure flush fertilizer.
V. Pest Control
Bitter horse vegetable plants contain white milk, which is a kind of bitter element with very few pests and diseases. It only has insect pests in the summer and early autumn. It uses common insecticides on the line. The bitter horse vegetable is rarely sprayed with pesticides during the growth period. Harmful vegetables.
Sixth, harvest
After planting, according to different conditions, the seedlings can be harvested, eaten or sold when they are 15 to 20 centimeters in height, and harvested near the ground. With the growth of plant stems, the number of harvests increases. When the stem of the plant grows to about 1 meter, the bitter hemp skin is cut off from the bottom connecting rod, and the price of the bitter hemp skin is higher than that of the bitter hemp leaf. After the bitter hemp leaves are picked, they are washed and the water is boiled. The bitter hemp leaves are put in, cooked, cooked, picked up and put into the cold well water, soaked in it, and then picked up. green. After the bitter hemp roots have been harvested, the stalks outside the roots are clear and clean, and the whole bitter hemp skin is crushed to remove excess water and taste better than the leaves.
VII. Retention
After the white dew, choose a well-drained, disease-free and robust plant as a seed-retained plant. After flowering and drying, collect the plants and dry them. After the dried seeds, seal them in a ventilated and dry place.
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