The lack of nutrients in apple trees often leads to physiological diseases. So how to correctly diagnose the physiological disease occurred is caused by the lack of which elements can be analyzed from the following aspects.
First, remember the mobility of the elements
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and other elements are easily moved in the plant and can be used many times. When the plants are lacking, such elements are transferred from mature tissues or organs to more vigorous parts of the growing point, so the lack of symptoms First appear in mature tissues or organs. If there is a deficiency in the leaf development process, the symptoms first occur in the old leaves. Iron, calcium, boron, zinc, copper, etc. are not easy to move in the plant and it is hard to be used again. These elements are absorbed by the plants and are fixed and cannot be moved. Therefore, the older the organs, the higher the content is, and the deficiency symptoms are The young leaves first occur. Correctly distinguishing between two elements plays an important role in accurately distinguishing the symptoms of deficiency.
Second, "from small to large" find the cause
The first step is to look at the whole park to see the regularity, soil condition, water condition, topography, and irrigation water location of the whole park. The second step, the whole plant, from the upper part of the tree to the lower part, is the incidence of new shoots or old leaves. In general, the lack of a large number of elements in the old leaves first performance, lack of trace elements, the earliest in the new leaves. The third step is to look at the features. It depends on the characteristics of the plant after its change, including the shape and color of the leaves. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and zinc are more active in the body and are easier to move. Plants that lack such elements can migrate from old leaves to new leaves. Therefore, the deficiency of these elements occurs first on mature leaves. Iron, calcium, boron, zinc, copper and other elements have poor mobility, and the lack of symptoms often occurs on new shoots and leaves.
Third, firmly remember the symptoms of common deficiency diseases
The common diseases in production are as follows, which require strong memory, and are continuously accumulated and summarized in combination with production practices.
1. Apple deficiency. In the spring and summer, the mature leaves at the base of the new shoot gradually turn yellow and develop toward the top, so that the young shoots also become yellow. Newborn leaves are small, purplish, leaf veins and petioles are red, petiole and branches are acute, easy to fall off. The branch shoots were thin and weak and reddish-brown. The results were small, early, and early fall, and flower buds were significantly reduced.
2. Apple lack of phosphorus. The leaves are dark green in color with a bronzed back and purple-brown spots on the edge of the leaves. The petiole of the petiole and the abaxial leaflet was purple-red, and the petioles and branches were acutely angled. Branches are weak and have few branches.
3. Potassium deficiency. The edges of the base and the middle of the leaves lose their green color and often curl toward the back of the leaves. In severe cases, the edges of the leaves become brown and dry and hung on the branches and are not easy to fall off.
4. Apple zinc deficiency. Zinc deficient leaves are narrow and long, and the branches are short. The leaves are clustered and appear like lotus leaf, commonly known as “lobular diseaseâ€. The severe new shoots have fewer leaves and appear as "light poles".
5. Apple magnesium deficiency. Magnesium is also an easily mobile element. Therefore, when magnesium is deficient, symptoms are first expressed in old leaves. In magnesium-deficient leaves, the veins remain green, while the veins first lose their green and yellow, and the entire leaf appears as a "fishbone" or "wood comb." The new magnesium deficiency is slender and soft and easy to bend. The fruit is small, not easy to color, can not be normally mature.
6. Apple iron deficiency. The young leaves at the tip of the young tip of the iron-deficient fruit turn yellow-green, and the leaves are pale green or yellow-green. As the disease progresses, it becomes yellowish-white. The veins are still green, showing a green reticular pattern, and the entire leaf is white. The yellowing phenomenon is often said to yellow leaf disease. In severe cases, the top of the new shoots died of dead shoots.
7. Apple lacks manganese. The symptoms of leaf deficiencies in fruit trees are similar to those of magnesium deficiency, but as they are difficult to move, the deficiency symptoms first appear on the new leaves. In addition, manganese excess or poisoning can cause trunk rough skin disease.
8. The lack of boron in apple disease. The lack of boron in apple trees often leads to the apical shoots of new shoots dead, internodes shorter, and leaves clustered, similar to zinc deficiency, both of which are often complications. Boron deficiency can also cause apple fruit shrinkage. The surface of the fruit is uneven, with corkation locally but without bitterness.
9. Apple calcium deficiency syndrome. Calcium is an essential nutrient for apples and an important component of cell walls. In the absence of calcium, cells do not divide normally. In severe cases, the growth point is necrotic and physiological diseases are easily caused. The flesh shrinks into a spongy shape, the fruit heart is water-stained, and bitter pit disease, woody spot disease, water heart disease are formed. And cracking fruit.
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