Pesticides used on vegetables must be carefully selected to ensure food safety and environmental protection. As vegetable cultivation faces increasing challenges from pests and diseases, the use of pesticides has become more common. However, since vegetables are consumed daily and often eaten raw, improper pesticide use can lead to serious health risks. Therefore, only approved pesticides should be used, and strict adherence to pre-harvest intervals is essential to reduce residue levels.
(1) Pesticides that are strictly prohibited for use on vegetables include highly toxic substances such as parathion, methamidophos, monocrotophos, carbofuran, 3911, 1059, 1605, methyl 1605, Suhua 202, chlorpyrifos, isopropyl phosphorus, trisphorus, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, cyanide, fluoroacetamide, arsenic, chloropicrin, pentachlorophenol, dibromochloropropane, and 401. These chemicals pose immediate dangers, causing acute poisoning through ingestion, skin contact, or inhalation. Additionally, certain long-lasting and highly toxic pesticides like mercury compounds, Saili San, and Xi Lisheng can accumulate in the environment and body over time, leading to chronic neurological damage. Even low-toxicity but persistent pesticides such as HCH, DDT, chlordane, dieldrin, and toxaphene have been banned due to their ability to remain in soil and fat tissues for years, posing long-term risks to humans and animals.
(2) Approved pesticides for use on vegetables include biopesticides, which are safe for both humans and the environment. Examples include insecticides like *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt), *7216 bacteria*, and *toxin insecticides*, as well as fungicides such as DT. Low-toxicity, high-efficiency pesticides like dichlorvos, trichlorfon, phoxim, fenvalerate, permethrin, and carbaryl are also permitted when used according to guidelines. For bacterial control, options such as Trichoderma, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate-methyl are effective and relatively safe. Herbicides like trifluralin, paraquat, and others are also allowed under proper application conditions. It's crucial for farmers and agricultural workers to stay informed about current regulations and follow best practices to protect both public health and the ecosystem.
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