American biologists make new breakthroughs in cloning primate biotechnology

American biologists successfully created cloned monkey embryonic cells and transplanted them into monkey mothers. Although the mothers of the monkeys in this trial were all pregnant for less than one month, this is the latest achievement of the primate clone technique. The research results were not published until recently. Gerald Schadden, a reproductive biology scientist at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, announced the results at the American Society of Regenerative Medicine held in Philadelphia. Scharden’s research team mainly used the technology that scientists discovered in the first half of the year to clone human embryonic cells and extract embryonic stem cells from them. If researchers can complete this step on monkeys, they can avoid experimenting with human embryonic cells. Because experimenting with humans is not only complicated but also incurs social opposition. At the same time, this research can also prove whether human embryonic stem cells suitable for survival in various tissues have an important role in medicine. Previously, Schaden and his colleagues tried to clone healthy monkey embryo cells in various ways, such as removing a nuclei with DNA information from an adult cell, and implanting it in the egg cells that were detached from the nucleus, However, all experiments failed to accomplish the purpose of the experiment. In a paper published in the 2003 issue of the journal Science, Schaden believes that extracting nuclei from the monkey's egg cells will make the cell nucleus unable to obtain the two proteins necessary to survive. He found that all experimental embryos had fatal chromosomal defects, so he speculated that cloning any primate organisms, including humans, was impossible. But his speculation was completely overthrown in February this year. Scientists in South Korea announced in the "Science" magazine that they have successfully cloned human embryonic cells. The stem cells produced by these cloned embryonic cells have the ability to grow into various tissue structures. The purpose of this type of research is to reproduce alternative tissues to treat human diseases. In a study done by Korean scientists, cloned human embryonic cells were only able to survive in the medium for 5 to 6 days. However, the 135 monkey embryo cells cloned by the team of Scotton's research team based on the technology of Korean scientists were successfully transplanted into the mother of 25 monkeys. These cloned embryonic cells are isolated from the maternal ovarian parietal cells and tissue cells. Scharden said he is not yet sure why the technology used by South Korea is so successful. This technique does not use the method of aspiration of nuclei from the egg cells before, but gently squeezes out the nuclei. This leaves enough cytoplasm to promote embryonic cell growth; and the destruction of egg cells is also very small. Although the mothers of the monkeys in this trial were all pregnant for less than a month, it was too early for Schottden to believe that the cloned monkeys would not be born. All this required more attempts. It is also unreliable to use these findings to predict that cloned human infants will survive longer. Schadden added that he initially failed to extract embryonic stem cells from cloned monkey embryonic cells. But at least his attempt to prove that Korean scientists' cloning methods are effective. Because there are fewer scientists studying in this field, this effect has been difficult to prove. He said: "The results show that at least some of the Korean scientists' cloning techniques are effective."

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