The use of Chinese herbal medicines instead of antibiotics to prevent and treat diseases is not easy to produce drug resistance and toxic side effects, and it will not pollute the water environment. Moreover, Chinese herbal medicine has the effects of regulating body balance and physiological functions, improving body specific and non-specific immunity, enhancing digestion and absorption, enhancing physical fitness, and promoting growth of aquatic animals, and also has functions of antibacterial and virus suppression. Therefore, in the artificial breeding of shrimps and crabs, the use of Chinese herbal medicines should be promoted to prevent and treat diseases. First, the pathogenic factors in the breeding of fish and shrimp, nursery pond water environment, fish and shrimp breeding is carried out under artificially controlled conditions, due to higher larval rearing density, feeding a larger amount of its bait and metabolic waste Accumulation of water can make the pool water environment worse (such as PH value decreases, ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide content increase), pathogenic microorganisms breed, causing larval disease. The use of Chinese herbal medicines to prevent diseases in the nursery process can, on the one hand, regulate the metabolic balance of larvae and avoid the occurrence of dysfunction; on the other hand, some active ingredients in Chinese herbs can affect the water environment of nursery ponds through biological, chemical, and physical effects. It acts in a direction conducive to the growth and development of larvae, and plays a role in disease prevention. 2. Feed malnutrition of larvae In the process of shrimp and crab breeding, artificial baits (such as egg yolks) are used more often due to deficiencies of biological feeds (unicellular algae, rotifers, Artemia, etc.) or to save bait costs. , soymilk, cyanobacterial powder, etc.), often resulting in poor digestion and absorption of larvae, incomplete nutrition, so that the physiology of larvae decreased, the resistance to pathogens weakened, and prone to disease. The adjustment effect of Chinese herbal medicine has the function of regulating the physiological function of larvae. By enhancing the digestion and absorption of bait, the larval body can improve its metabolic function, so as to balance certain malnutrition foods and prevent diseases. In addition, some Chinese herbal medicines also have obvious attractant properties. 3. Dangerous microorganisms Although selection, sedimentation, sand filtration, and disinfection of nursery water are used in the process of fish and shrimp breeding, harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses cannot be completely killed. With the progress of nursery, they It breeds, develops and invades larvae. Second, the fish and shrimp commonly used in the breeding of Chinese herbal medicine and the effective ingredients and the role of the chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine is extremely complex, a Chinese herbal medicine often contains a variety of chemical composition, but not all the ingredients can play a role in the prevention and treatment of disease, can prevent disease The active ingredients mainly include polysaccharides, alkaloids, hydrazines, volatile oils, and tannins. 1, Garlic Garlic has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, has a killing effect on viruses and protozoa, etc., is a highly efficient anti-bacterial insecticide Chinese herbal medicine. When used as a bactericide, it should be freshly prepared and used immediately. 2. The active ingredient of Coptis is berberine (ie, berberine). Coptis has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, it can inhibit the growth of a variety of Gram-positive and negative bacteria, inhibit a variety of fungi, and is also effective against some viruses and protozoa. In addition, abasicine also has the effect of enhancing the phagocytic ability of phagocytic cells in animals. 3. Huangqi Huangqiyuan is its main active ingredient. Astragalus has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibits Gram-negative and positive cocci, and has some effects on some viruses and many fungi. 4, rhubarb rhubarb contains emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin and other anthraquinone derivatives, with antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral effect, have a significant inhibitory effect on the bacterium. In addition, it also has astringent, diarrhea, increase platelets, promote blood coagulation. 5. Chinese gall nut contains tannin, gallic acid and other ingredients, and it has the inhibitory effect on both gram positive and negative; it has good control effect on fungi (watery mildew); it also has hemostasis, detoxification, convergence and so on. 6. The Daqingye and Banlangen Daqingye are the leaves of the cruciferous plants Cypripedium and Euphorbiaceae plants, Malan and Cymbidium. The Banlangen is the root of Cymbidium. Its active ingredients are alanine, quinone and so on. Both have extensive antibacterial and antiviral effects and detoxification. Among them, Banlangen has a strong antiviral effect. Third, the use of Chinese herbal medicine in fish breeding 1. Use method The use of Chinese herbal medicine in fish and shrimp breeding can be used alone or in combination with several medicines. The commonly used methods of administration include: A medicinal bath method, mashing up the fresh herbs or frying the dried Chinese herbal medicine into juice or crushing and soaking the juice, and evenly pouring it in the nursery pond; B. Medicine bait method, mashing the fresh herbs and mixing in the bait Hey, dried Chinese herbal medicines are crushed into fine powder or decocted into juice for bait feeding. 2, the use of dose According to the author's use of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of artificial breeding of fish and shrimp diseases, the use of herbal bath method when the use of Chinese herbal medicine once the dose of 2-5 grams, rice; using bait method dried Chinese herbal medicine after crushing by bait weight ( Dry weight) 0,5%-1,0% of the proportion of mixed feed into the feed. As the application of Chinese herbal medicines in the artificial breeding of fish and shrimps is rare, some nursery plants are only based on experience. Which of the traditional Chinese medicines are most suitable for use in the artificial breeding of fish and shrimps, as well as the effective dosage and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicines, remains to be further studied in the future.
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