In recent years, almonds have been very popular in the domestic and foreign markets. Almond contains a variety of nutrients, is a high-nutrition health food, at the same time can also be used as medicine, with detoxification, anti-cancer and other functions. Therefore, the cultivation area continues to increase and the prospects are bright. Due to the earlier flowering of apricot kernels, it is easily endangered by the late frost, and with extensive management, it can not play its due output level and economic benefits. In order to improve the yield, quality and increase the benefits of almonds, the main points of the high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for kernels used in apricot kernels are described below: 1. Variety selection: Apricot varieties can be used in Dabian, Baiyubian, Yiwofeng, Longwangmao, Chaoren, Fengren and other high-quality high-quality products. It is advisable to pollinate trees for apricot apricots and red sticks. Second, the choice of garden: Apricot cold, drought-resistant, resistant to thin, strong adaptability. The main problem affecting production is the late frost in flowering and young fruit. Therefore, when choosing the garden, we must pay attention to the microclimate conditions, choose the leeward sunny, the terrain is high dry, the open terrain, slopes, terraces; avoid the tuyere, the windward slope and the low-lying areas; prevent the spring cold flow and cold air deposition caused by frozen flowers frozen fruit. Third, seedling colonization: Planting selection of 2 years of strong seedlings. It is advisable to plant before sprouting in the spring. Suitable for dense planting, plant spacing is generally 2-3 meters x 3-4 meters; planting should dig 0.8-1 meters deep, 1.2 meters wide planting ditch, high-quality farmhouse fertilizer 20 kilograms per square meter, superphosphate 1.5 kg; planting Before the seedling roots were soaked in water for 24 hours, watered after planting, covered with plastic film, heat preservation and moisturizing, and improved the survival rate. It is 60-70 cm high. Pay attention to planting pollination varieties, generally choose 2-3 pollination varieties is appropriate. IV. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management: 1. Soil management; after apricot kernels are planted, the management of the underground shall be strengthened to keep the soil loose and fertile to increase the supply of nutrients. In the cultivation process, cultivators should be used frequently, and in particular, the cultivating and weeding after planting should be strengthened. Reduce the consumption of nutrients, concentrate nutrients for the growth of apricot seedlings needed; autumn shave trees in time to keep the soil loose, in order to facilitate root growth, and increase the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. 2. Fertilizer management: According to the management level, flower buds are differentiated before and after flowering, and topdressing is applied once after fruit picking to increase fruit setting rate and promote fruit enlargement. Top dressing is based on quick-acting fertilizers. Generally, 0.3-0.5 kg urea or compound fertilizer is topdressed per plant before flowering in spring and during fruit expansion. The mid-term (June-July) combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is beneficial to the differentiation of flower buds; mid-stage application of urea 0.2-0.3 kg, superphosphate 0.5 kg, and plant ash 2 kg. In the later stage, nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor, which was conducive to flower bud differentiation, enhanced tree vigor, and enriched branches to improve wintering ability; the later strain applied urea 0.1-0.2 kg. Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers. It is usually applied from September to October when new shoots are parked. The amount of fertilizer applied is about 50-120 kilograms, and appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added, depending on the size of the tree. 3, water management: apricot drought resistance is relatively strong, irrigation water depends on the status of soil moisture and phenology and decide. The water is usually poured three times before flowering, before harvesting and before freezing. Irrigation before flowering can delay flowering to avoid damage caused by spring frost; maintain enough and stable soil moisture content before the nucleation period until harvest to promote the second enlargement of fruit and increase the yield; The cold resistance of flowers. Watch out for flood prevention during the rainy season. Fifth, Baohuabaoguo: The flower of apricot apricot has obvious abortion phenomenon, and the kernel of apricot is vulnerable to frost, resulting in less result and lower yield. The following measures are often used in production to preserve the fruit. 1. Delay flowering and avoid night cream. Spraying 50-100 mg/L of gibberellin in mid-October delays the spring flowering period of 4-8 days in the second spring; or spraying 500-2000 mg/L of Qingxinsu in the early stage of flower bud expansion can delay the flowering period of 4-6 days; At the same time with the early spring irrigation, white branches, smoke and other comprehensive measures to improve the anti-frost effect. 2. Artificially assisted pollination. In the flowering period, the collected pollen was mixed into saccharine, made into a urine and pollen solution, and sprayed with a sprayer. The formula of the sugar and urine pollen is water 5 kg + pollen 10 g + urea 15 g + boric acid 5 g + sugar 100 g + a little adhesive. 3, flower spray fertilizer water. Spraying water at full bloom, or spraying 0.3%-0.5% urea, or 0.3% boric acid, or spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or mixed spray can increase the fruit setting rate. 6. Pruning: The suitable tree for apricot kernels is naturally multi-edged, 40-50 cm in height, and 5-8 branches in total trees, staggered. The sapling period will be appropriately short-cut each year for the extension of the main branches to facilitate branching and crown expansion. In the full fruit period, strong and weak, and the resulting parts are prevented from shifting outwards. In pruning, measures should be taken to suppress and strengthen the weak and strengthen the tree to ensure vigorous growth of the tree and enhance the fruitfulness. At the same time, attention should be paid to cultivating new results and rejuvenation. The original results of the branches, so that new and old branches continue to alternate results. The branches that are perennially debilitated, lengthy, and with excessive angles of extension are retracted in time to prevent baldness of the internal hemorrhoids and stimulate new results. During the growing season of apricot kernels, summer pruning, such as cutting shoots or topping the young shoots and removing buddy shoots and over-closed branches, can improve light conditions, promote flower bud formation, and also contribute to robust and robust shoots. Full flower buds improve cold resistance. Seventh, to strengthen pest control: Apricot kernels are mainly apricot therapy, fluid injection, weevil, ball Kinsuke, aphids, spider mites, boat-shaped caterpillars and other pests and diseases. Control methods: Before the spring sprouts, the scale insects were used to treat scale insects, and 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur were sprayed; after flowering, 600 times of carbendazim and trichloramphenicin were used for 500 times; in mid-May, carbendazim was sprayed 500 times and 20%. 2500 times the net of dying, 12% high-osmotic extermination and killing 1200-1500 times of the mixture; 7-8 months, spraying fruit tree, 40% of water and phosphoramidant mixture 1200 times; in addition to spraying 2-3 times according to the insect situation Peach Xiaoling, winter disease concentrated burning. In accordance with the above methods for controlling pests and diseases, the occurrence and development of pests and diseases can basically be controlled. Eight, the appropriate period of harvest and post-harvest treatment: Apricot kernel fruit must be fully mature before harvesting, generally harvested half a summer solstice. Stop picking green, harvest too early, the seed is not full, the rate of low kernel, production and quality decline. Immediately after harvest, go to the flesh and dry the apricot kernel. At the same time processing and utilization of apricot meat, production of apricot, apricot plum, fruit Danpi and so on. When taking Jen, we must try our best to reduce broken kernels, and do a good job of sales and deep processing of almonds to achieve value-added processing.
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