The transgenic SCK rice showed good resistance to Daphnia magna and S. japonicum pests. The use of genetic engineering techniques to transform plants to obtain stable genetic resistance to pests is known as insect-resistant plant genetic engineering. The use of genetic engineering technology to transform plants to obtain a stable inherited ability to resist pests is known as insect-resistant plant genetic engineering. Transgenic SCK rice exhibits good resistance to insect pests such as Daphnia mauritiana and Chenopodis japonicum. Instead of transforming plants, most of them became subtilized under these insect pests and “armed†the rice. There is no better word than this to describe the great significance of the transgenic research work done by scientists on rice pest resistance. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 1999, the total output of rice in China was 198.48 million tons, which accounted for almost 40% of the total output of China's grain (including wheat, barley, corn, etc.). However, according to incomplete statistics, the loss caused by insect pests in China accounted for more than 5% of the total rice production in 1997, which means that nearly 10 million tons of rice are eaten by pests each year. Coupled with the manpower and material resources spent on purchasing pesticides and pesticides, the damage caused by pests to rice production is even more serious. Rice is an important food crop that everyone knows. Nearly 800 million people in China’s 1.3 billion population use rice as a staple food. The Importance of Rice Production to China's Grain Supply. However, rice is also the food crop with the most pests. How to effectively control rice pests and increase the mu yield of rice has become an important issue in China's agricultural production. The development of new types of highly effective, low-toxic pesticides is a way to control insect pests, but scientists have come up with a better strategy of “arming†rice and letting rice resist pest attacks itself. This is not a fantasy, and the rapid development of plant genetic engineering has provided scientific basis and technical support for scientists to realize this dream. This technique of transforming plants using genetic engineering techniques to obtain stable genetic resistance to pests is called insect-resistant plant genetic engineering. After the success of the SCK gene in the transformation model plant tobacco, the researchers further constructed a plant expression vector suitable for rice transformation through DNA recombination technology, and transformed the rice by the gene gun method. In the transformation work, researchers selected Minghui81 and Minghui86 varieties with broad popularization prospects as transformation receptors, and obtained rice plants transformed to SCK through screening. The test results showed that the activity of trypsin in rice plants transformed with SCK was 2 times higher than the activity of trypsin in CpTI transgenic rice plants, and some were more than 4 times higher. When rice insect pests, Tadpoles, were used as the attacking pests to determine the resistance of SCK transgenic rice, it was found that the mortality rate of transgenic SCK rice to pests was high, between 60% and 72.2%, but not transformed plants. The mortality rate for pests is only 17.8%. For the environmental release and field testing of SCK rice, as a GM crop that will enter the market in the future, it must pass four stages: laboratory tests, intermediate tests, environmental releases, and commercial production. After going through the upstream transformation and screening work, it must also be combined with traditional breeding work to further develop strains with both high insect resistance and excellent agronomic traits. At present, the transfer of SCK rice has already completed the first three phases of work, and commercial production licenses are being applied. At present, SCK transgenic rice has entered the intermediate test approved by the Ministry of Agriculture for environmental release and national "863" program support. In environmental release and intermediate tests, agronomic traits were selected for the combination of SCK Minghui 81 and SCK Minghui 86 in combination with insect resistance. In 1999, rice restorer lines homozygous for SCK gene with excellent resistance and yield were obtained. In the spring of 2000, it completed the production of the district in Hainan. At the same time, two combinations of Kefeng No. 1 (Special A/SCK Minghui 81) and Kefeng No. 2 (Special A/SCK Minghui 86) have participated in Fujian. Provincial mid-late rice regional trials this year. The results of the regional trial showed that Kefeng 1 had a medium production advantage, which was the same as that of the control Shanyou 63. Kefeng 2 had a better production advantage and was superior to Shanyou 63 in some pilots. The field test results showed that transgenic rice has high CpTI protein content, good insect resistance, excellent agronomic traits, and production safety. The security of trans-SCK genes has gradually begun to attract market attention as a large number of genetically modified crops and the safety of foods processed by genetically modified crops and genetically modified crops have begun to attract attention. Essentially, there is no difference between GM crops and conventionally grown crop varieties. Conventional breeding is usually achieved through sexual hybridization, while plant genetic engineering uses exogenous recombinant DNA into the plant genome using techniques such as Agrobacterium, gene guns, electrical stimulation, and microinjection. Although in theory, the genetic traits and phenotype of the transgene should be more accurately predicted and safer to use, it is still necessary to evaluate the safety of transgenic crops. After the SCK transgenic rice was obtained, the researchers performed a feeding experiment on the transgenic SCK rice mice. The results showed that the growth of the experimental mice was in good condition, indicating that rice with the SCK transgenic rice had no toxic reaction to mice and did not cause mouse micronuclei Teratogenic effects of nuclear abnormalities or sperm abnormalities. The above experiments show that the transgenic SCK rice has a certain safety basis. To further prove its safety, the researchers who have transferred the SCK gene will also conduct in-depth research on the safety of human and livestock CpTI genes and proteins in transgenic rice, the safety of selection marker genes, and the safety of genetically modified organisms. To ensure the safety of transgenic SCK rice to human and livestock health and ecological environment. The researchers will further research and development of insect-resistant rice and other transgenic insect-resistant crops. So far, the development of transgenic SCK rice has been carried out for 6 years. The work in the early stage laboratory and pilot stage has basically been completed; the environmental release has entered the final stage of data compilation and comprehensive evaluation; commercial production is under application . Compared with similar research in the world, this research has entered the international advanced level. It is believed that the SCK gene-resistant rice will play an important role in rice production in China in the near future.
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