Symptoms: 1. Nitrogen-deficit and hypoxic rice The nitrogen-deficit plants in rice are short, with few tillers, and the leaves are small, yellow-green, and mature earlier. Generally first from the tip of the old leaf to the beginning of uniform yellow, and gradually extended from the base leaves to the heart and leaves, and finally faded pale leaf color of the whole plant into a yellow-green, lower leaves old yellow. Slow rooting, poor root and root hair development, yellow root more. Yellow paddy fields or shallow, basal paddy rice fields often occur. Second, phosphorus deficiency red seedlings seedlings after transplanting does not turn green, rarely give birth, or after the emergence of stiff seedlings phenomenon; leaves thin and erect not to be covered, and sometimes the leaves slightly curled along the midline-like folding; leaf color dark green Non-glossy, with a sharp purplish leaf, in the distance the rice seedlings in the dark green with gray-purple; rice plants do not spread apart, rice husks are clustered, short and thin; roots are short and fine, new roots are rare; if vulcanized The complications of hydrogen poisoning are grayish roots, dark roots, and little white roots. Third, potassium deficiency Apricot rice lack of potassium, began to show symptoms after transplanting 2-3 weeks. The potassium-deficient plants are dwarf and dark green in color. Although they are able to grow green and turn green, they have yellowish brown spots on the leaves. Red-brown spots appear on the tips and leaves of the old leaves. Finally, the leaves gradually turn reddish-brown from the tip and die. Each time a new leaf grows, it will increase the lesions of one old leaf. In serious cases, only a few new leaves will remain green and look like a fire. The main roots and branching roots of the diseased plants were short and weak. The whole root system was yellow-brown to dark brown with few new roots. K-blight disease mainly occurs in cold-sweeping fields, muddy fields and rust paddy fields. 4. Zinc seedlings with zinc deficiency clusters first appear chlorotic yellow in the middle lobe of the lower lobe, and produce reddish-brown spots and irregular plaques. They gradually expand into reddish-brown stripes and change from the tips of the leaves. Red and brown dry, usually appear from the lower leaves to the upper leaves. The diseased leaves exhibited slow leafing speed, the new leaves were short and narrow, and the leaf color was faded, especially yellow and white faded near the base veins. The distance between the occipital lobe of serious diseased plants was shortened or misplaced, with obvious dwarfed tufts, few tillers, and uneven growth in the fields. Roots are old, brownish, and late, causing serious reductions in production. V. Sulfur deficiency
Similar to nitrogen deficiency, the field is difficult to distinguish. 6. The calcium-deficient leaves became white, severe growth points died, the leaves remained green, root elongation delayed, and the tip became brown. 7. Magnesium deficiency in the lower leaves brown. Eight, the entire leaf is missing green or white. Nine, lack of manganese young leaves chlorosis, the old leaves remain nearly yellow-green, faded green stripes from the tip of the expansion of the dark brown spots on the posterior leaves. The new leaves are narrow and short, and they are bleak. Tenth, the boron-deficient plants are dwarfed, and the leaves have white tips. When they are severe, they die. Eleventh, the copper-deficient blades are blue-green with near-tip chlorosis. The fading portion extends downward along both sides of the middle rib, and the posterior tip becomes dark brown and necrotic. Newly drawn leaves cannot be expanded, like needles. The cause of a lack of nitrogen base fertilizer or under-dosing or the application of excessive fresh unfermented organic fertilizer. Both phosphorus-poor red-yellow-patch paddy fields, acid red-purple mud fields, albic soil, and newly-inhabited sandy beach soils are susceptible to phosphorus deficiency, especially in red-yellow-soil paddy fields, which have strong phosphorus-retaining capacity and are prone to phosphorus deficiency. Available phosphorus is positively correlated with organic matter content, and organic-poor soils are susceptible to phosphorus deficiency. Cold phosphorus leaching in mountainous areas where mountainous weather is cold or cold in mountainous areas is prone to phosphorus deficiency. The alluvial sediments with light potassium in the three shortages and the soils or soils formed by limestone and red sandstone weathering substances have strong reducing ability, or high nitrogen fertilizer levels, and potassium fertilizers are easily used for single application of chemical fertilizers. In addition, the early-season continuous low temperature and rainy weather gradually turned into a sunny hot temperature, resulting in the rapid decomposition of organic fertilizer or green manure in the soil, rapid reduction of soil nutrients, often resulting in large areas of potassium deficiency. Four deficient zinc calcareous high pH soil or river alluvial or lakeside, beach sedimentary calcareous soil and calcareous purple soil
Iron-weathered and near-neutral iron-rich soils, low-lying low-lying regular waters are highly reducible, or high-phosphorus fertilizers or large amounts of fresh organic fertilizers are used to cause strong reduction or low-temperature effects and are prone to zinc deficiency. Sulfur deficiency occurs easily in sandy leaching soils or in areas far away from industrial and mining areas in the town. The sulfur content in the atmosphere is low, and sulfur-free fertilizers have not been applied in the past 3-5 years. The calcium deficiency in the six calcium-deficient soils is less, but in some soils developed in the south of granite or phyllite, the total calcium content of the soil is quite low. The total calcium content in the red soils of central China is 0.02%-0.25%. Calcium 5-100mg, some red soil only 5.6mg, then there will be typical symptoms of calcium deficiency. Seven acidic soils deficient in magnesium, such as hilly valleys or highly-weathered tropical areas, have a low content of water-soluble and exchangeable magnesium and are prone to magnesium deficiency. Eight iron deficiency occurs mainly in the near-pure gravelly soil containing very little mud, and near the dry sand culture and special clean stream water irrigation conditions, causing iron deficiency. Nine deficient manganese leaves with manganese content less than 20mg/kg, prone to manganese deficiency. Although rice is not sensitive to manganese, red soil and granite red earth developed in red sandstone in central China's hilly region of China have very low manganese content. In the north, calcareous soil, especially the soil with light texture, low organic matter, and good permeability For example, the Huang-Huai-Hai plains are all Mn-deficient soils. Ten boron deficient boron content in South China and Central China from trace to 0.58 mg/kg, with an average of 0.14 mg/kg. The available boron in granite is usually less than 0.1mg/kg. The effective boron in this calcium latent meadow soil is also very low.
(1) Prevent nitrogen deficiency from timely application of available nitrogen fertilizer, apply appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply paddy field after cultivation to integrate fertilizer into soil. (2) Prevent phosphorus-free shallow water from composting, use 667m2 of calcium superphosphate 30kg of mixed ammonium bicarbonate 25-30kg with mixing, apply cultivating paddy field after planting, shallow-irrigation ground irrigation, repeated exposure of field to increase ground temperature and enhance rice pole pair Phosphorus absorption and metabolism. After the new roots are issued, 667m2 will be used to recover 3-4kg of urea to promote the restoration of growth. (3) Prevention of potassium deficiency remediation Li Deng drainage, 667m2 planted wood ash 150gk, immediately after cultivation, paddy fields, or 667m2 chase potassium chloride 7.5kg. At the same time with a suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and interstitial irrigation, promote root growth, improve suction fertility. (4) To prevent zinc deficiency in paddy field before transplanting 2-3 days, every 667m2 with 1.5% zinc sulfate solution 30kg, spraying, can promote
Into the slow seedlings, early delivery, prevent shrinkage. In the heading stage and heading stage, spraying 100kg of zinc sulfate and spraying 50kg of water every 667m2 can promote the orderly heading, accelerate the nutrient operation, favor grain filling, increase seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. (5) Prevent sulphur deficiency Pay attention to sulphur-containing fertilizers. Such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulfur and gypsum, in addition to sulfur need to be applied after the accumulation of fertilizer and soil is converted into sulfate, the other several, 5-10kg per 667m2 can be applied. (6) Prevent calcium deficiency from applying lime of 50-100kg per 667m2. (7) Prevent magnesium-based calcium phosphate fertilizer 15-20kg, spray 1% magnesium sulfate in emergency. (8) Prevent iron deficiency from adding organic fertilizer or earth. (9) Prevent manganese deficiency from soaking with 1%-2% manganese sulfate solution for 24-48 hours, or manganese sulfate 162kg, mixed with organic fertilizer. (10) To prevent boron deficiency During the middle and late growth period of rice, spraying 0.1%-0.5% boric acid solution or 0.1%-0.2% borax solution 2-3 times, with a volume of 40-50kg per 667m2. The fertilization of paddy rice leaves under the condition of super-high yield cultivation has resulted in a significant increase in the biological productivity per unit area and a corresponding increase in the amount of fertilizer required in rice fields. It is necessary to pay attention not only to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but also to foliar fertilization. A cost-effective method. Advocate the use of Huimanfeng (Gaomei Shi) with 210-240ml per 667m2, dilute 300-500 times with water, spray the leaves 1-2 times, or boost 600-800 times with Fengpo Type II active liquid fertilizer, or apply more Functional and efficient leaf fertilizer - Wanjiabao. Its main component is humic acid and a variety of trace elements, including fulvic acid (FA) content of more than 8%, total zinc and trace elements in more than 12%, NPK content of more than 10%, After use, it can increase production by 13%-14%. It can be sprayed every 30 minutes at 10000m2 for 30-90g per 667m2 in the booting stage or filling stage of rice, sprayed with 45-50kg of water and cool in the morning and evening, and it can be used with a variety of insecticidal fungicides. Mixed use, once every 15 days. Zinc deficiency areas or fields are particularly effective after use.
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