Muscovy duck, also known as red-faced duck, horned duck, duck, musk duck, belongs to the genus of the duck family. Originated from the tropical regions of South America and Central America, it is the only domesticated duck species that retains nesting. Great progress has been made in many countries and regions in Europe and Southeast Asia.
Muscovy ducks have been in the breeding history of more than 300 years in China, mainly distributed in most of the provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River in China, such as Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and other places breeding more. In Minnan, the main distribution is in the capital, rejuvenating countries, Ruijin, Dayu and other places.
Muscovy duck is a special economic animal, which has a special economic value that is different from the general domestic duck. It is highly valued at home and abroad and the amount of breeding is increasing. According to the survey, in recent years, the supply of the Muscovy duck in southern Anhui has been in short supply, and the price is 3 yuan more per 500 grams than that of domestic ducks.
Morphological characteristics
Unlike ordinary ducks, the Muscovy duck body is long and wide, and is narrow and spindle-shaped. The head is of medium size, with red or black skin tumors around the base and around the eyelids, and a row of longitudinal feathers overhead. The neck is medium and long, the chest is wide and flat, the hindquarters are undeveloped, the tail is narrow and long, the chest legs are muscular, the legs are short and thick, and the gait is stable. It has a certain ability to fly. The feathers are divided into black and white and two basic colors. The local Muscovy ducks in southern Yunnan are mainly black feathers, the black ones are dark green, the black and red are dark spots, the pituitaries are black and red, and the iridescence is light yellow and black. The white feathered duck is pink, the skin tumor is bright red, the iridescent grayish, and the orange.
Habits
Hi warm and cold
During hot summer, its production performance is not affected, and winter growth performance and egg production performance are affected to some extent. This lifestyle makes Muscovy Duck very suitable for rearing in southern China.
Suitable for terrestrial breeding
Muscovy ducks like to swim in the water, but are not good at swimming in the water for a long time. Suitable for feeding on land, it is called "dry duck".
Slow and quiet
Muscovy ducks are quiet and docile and clumsy. They don't love activities, and they can't stand still when they are full. Lying in ambush, sometimes with one foot on the ground, his head stretched under the wing, showing a "golden rooster independence".
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Muscovy ducks like to live in groups, suitable for large-scale rearing.
With flying ability
Especially female Muscovy ducks can fly short distances. In addition, the mother duck tame temperament, strong gregarious; ducks rude temperament, after sexual maturation and heterosexual fighting between the ducks fierce.
Production and reproductive performance
Breeding age, ratio of male to female, and service life
The breeding age of Muscovy ducks in China ranges from 170 days to 190 days, which is more than a month earlier than French Muscovy ducks. After 18 months, the ratio of male to female is 1:4 to 5. The breeding duck has a useful life of 1 year to 1 year and a half, and the female duck has a life of 2 years.
Production performance
Muscovy ducks produce 80 to 120 eggs each year, with an egg weight of 70 to 80 grams and an incubation period of 35 days. The adult public Muscovy duck weighs about 3 kg to 5 kg, and the female Muscovy duck 1.8 kg to 2.25 kg. The Muscovy duck grows fast. The average weight of the male and female Muscovy Muscovy Ducks 70 days old is 2 kg.
Feeding management
Duckling Management
Ducklings are ducks from 4 weeks old to 5 weeks old. This is the key stage in determining the success or failure of muscovy ducks.
Temperature group breeding youngsters use infrared lamps. The room temperature control standard is: the temperature after the hatching to the 3rd day is 27°C to 30°C; the 4th to the 21st day is 24°C to 27°C; the 21st to the 28th day is the 22°C to 24°C; on the 28th 20 °C after age.
Humidity is about 70% within one week, ensuring the amount of drinking water and relative humidity, but should keep the litter dry to avoid the breeding of germs and parasites.
Illumination of 1 week of continuous light for 24 hours. Illumination is 18 hours per day at 2 weeks of age and 12 hours per day at 2 weeks of age.
The density of 1 week old ducklings was 25 per square meter, 15 to 20 per square meter at the age of 3 weeks, and thereafter there were 8 per square meter and 200 to 250 per group.
Feeding Management of Young Muscovy Ducks
5 weeks old to 24 weeks old is the breeding period, which is the key period for breeding Muscovy ducks. The feeding quality directly affects the laying performance of the duck and the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs. During the rearing period, Muscovy ducks grow rapidly and develop vigorously. The development of various organs is completed, fat deposition is increased, and it is easy to cause over-fertilization. The climate has a great influence on egg production. In the middle and later stages of the reproductive period, the reproductive system begins to develop into sexual maturity, and it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between "promoting" and "suppressing."
The breeding density is usually 10 to 20 per square meter, about 200 per pen, and the male and female are raised separately.
Temperature room temperature above 15 °C.
The general requirements for lighting are: time can only be reduced and cannot be increased, intensity can only be reduced and cannot be enhanced. The photoperiod of 6 weeks to 10 weeks of age is 12 hours to 13 hours; the duration of 11 weeks to 20 weeks of age is 9 1/2 hours to 12 hours; and the duration of 21 weeks to 25 weeks is 9 1/2 hours to 11 hours.
Weighing starts from the age of 4 weeks, and 5% to 10% of the Muscovy ducks are randomly selected and weighed each week in each column to determine the amount of feed for the next week to avoid over-fertilization.
Muscovy duck rearing management
Pre-opening management will be carried out in a timely manner. 2 weeks old to 4 weeks old (about 24 weeks old) are transferred to the laying house to facilitate Muscovy ducks have enough time to familiarize themselves with the new environment. Transit should be performed in the evening or at night, pay attention to reduce unnecessary casualties.
The elective group retains 2 kg to 3 kg of female Muscovy ducks, 4 kg to 5.5 kg of males of the same age, and 1:6 to 8 male and female populations.
A series of vaccine injections are performed according to the immunization program before the prevention of immunization.
Replacement of egg production rations should be gradually replaced, the feed restriction should be adjusted to daily feeding, and the feed amount should be correctly grasped according to the change of egg production rate.
During the laying period, the birds were reared and managed in a rational manner. The birds were grouped according to the same species, the same age, and the same body weight. It was advisable to plant 200 to 300 ducks, and the density was 5 to 7 per square meter.
The priorities of the initial and early stages of management of different egg production periods are to improve the quality of feed, increase the number of feedings appropriately, and push the egg production rate to the peak as soon as possible; ensure stable high-yield production in the medium-term and fix it in daily operations; determine the feed supply according to the weight and the rate of egg production in the later period. Quantity, put more and less off, promote sports and maintain the ambient temperature.
Four Seasons Management The spring weather is warming up. It is the mother duck duck productive period, and various microorganisms are also easy to breed. Therefore, a thorough disinfection of the pens should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, it feeds high protein and energy diets to ensure that Muscovy ducks enter the high-yield period at the fastest speed. In the summer, the main reason is to prevent the heatstroke from cooling, and feed more and more in the morning and evening to provide clean drinking water. The egg production rate in the fall has begun to decline and artificial moulting can be performed. Winter is mainly cold insulation.
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