Maize fertilization has historically supported fertilization schemes in which 40% of nitrogen in fertilizers, 100% of phosphorus pentoxide, 100% of potassium oxide, and 20% of nitrogen fertilizer. With the change of the rural labor structure in recent years, the author found that many farmers in the towns and villages of Xingyi, Shuren and Shizhi in Fengdu County have combined the fertilizers that are used to the base fertilizer and the seedling fertilizer into one, that is, 60% of nitrogen. Fertilization method of applying phosphorus pentoxide 100% and potassium oxide 100% at the seedling stage. This kind of fertilization method is a summary of the experience of local farmers in production for many years, and has a tendency to become a new habit of fertilizing corn and promote it in a large area. In order to clarify the specific situation of this fertilization method, the author has discussed the technical advantages, technical requirements, technical maturity, and technical suitability.
First, technical advantages
1.1 Shorten the transplanting period of corn
During the transplanting season of corn, it is also the sowing and seedling season of large spring crops such as rice and red peony. The corn habit-the combination of the upper base fertilizer and the seedling fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage. The manpower can be concentrated, and the corn transplanting process can be completed in a shorter time to shorten the transplanting period of the corn.
1.2 saving labor
It is customary to apply base fertilizer after transplanting corn, including applying root fertilizer (human and animal manure), NPK fertilizer or compound fertilizer, generally 30 workers/hm2 (15 roots/hm2 for fertilizer and fertilizer), after transplanting 25-30d application of seedling fertilizer, but also 15 workers / hm2, that is, the application of bottom fertilizer, seedlings a total of 45 labor / hm2. Only the root fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer is combined with the fertilizer of the customary seedling fertilizer in the seedling stage, but only 15 pieces/hm2 is used, thereby saving 15 workers/llm2. Farmers generally need to plant corn 1066.67-1333.33 m2, which means that one farmer can save 24-30/hm2.
1.3 ease the contradiction of employment
In the season of corn transplanting, farmers must transplant corn, and at the same time, they should plant rice, red glutinous rice and other spring crops. The contradiction between employment is particularly prominent. Under the reality that there is a shortage of labor resources at home, the labor saved by transplanting corn has been used to complete the sowing work of rice, red peony and other spring crops in advance, which has greatly eased the contradiction of employment. It is also because of the mitigation of labor conflict that it is guaranteed that the spring crops such as corn, rice and red peony are the most suitable sowing and transplanting period.
1.4 increase the seedling rate
The fertilizer is applied immediately after the transplanting of the corn, and the chemical fertilizer does not directly contact the corn seedlings and the roots during the operation, which is relative. Regardless of how to pay attention, there is always a lack of seedlings due to direct contact with fertilizers. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced when applying compound fertilizers. The application of chemical fertilizer after transplanting corn can completely solve the problem of direct contact between chemical fertilizer and corn seedlings and roots, improve the seedling rate, ensure the seedlings are all seedlings, and make a seedling in the whole field, narrowing the gap between the seedlings and making the whole field grow consistently. It laid the foundation for increasing corn production.
1.5 reduce the chance of stamping
During the transplanting period of corn, the soil is relatively loose due to the short cultivation time of the corn field. During this period, the agricultural operation activities should be minimized, and the trampling of the corn field due to the agricultural operation activities should be reduced, so that the soil remains relatively loose for a long time. Therefore, reducing agricultural operations is an important way to keep corn rhizosphere soil relatively loose for a long time. After transplanting the corn, the rhizosphere soil is loose, which is conducive to the new root system of the corn, and it will survive as soon as possible.
1.6 easy to operate and hygienic
It is customary to use fixed root fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in corn base fertilizers, which should not be mixed together. They can only be applied separately, first applying root fertilizer and then applying chemical fertilizer. This method of application is not only inconvenient to operate, but also the manure and odor of the previous process contaminate the operating environment of the next process, the sanitary condition is greatly reduced, and the operation is more inconvenient. It is customary to apply the fertilizer of the base fertilizer and the seedling fertilizer in the seedling stage, which not only facilitates the operation, but also reduces the chance for the operator to face an unhealthy environment, thereby benefiting the health of the operator.
Second, technical requirements
2.1 Master the application period
The fertilizer of the base fertilizer and the combination of seedling and fertilizer are one application. It is necessary to master the application period, otherwise it will cause the corn seedlings to be de-fertilized, affecting the growth and development in the middle and late stages, and ultimately affect the yield components and reduce the yield. The author believes that it is advisable to apply corn seedlings to the greening stage about 10 days after transplanting.
2.2 Strict application method
After the transplanting of the corn, the fixed-root fertilizer is applied immediately, and if the conditions permit, the application amount of the fixed-root fertilizer can be increased. The seedling fertilizer was applied 15-20 days before the transplanting according to the habit, and no liquid farmyard manure was applied. First owe the nest, mix the fertilizer with the basic method and the fertilizer, and then apply it evenly. Then cover the soil.
2.3 Keep the chemical fertilizer application elements and the total amount unchanged
Keeping the total amount of fertilization unchanged is the key to the establishment of the second application method. Fertilize according to the established fertilization formula, keep the chemical fertilizer elements intact, and the quantity is not reduced. It is not possible to reduce the input of nutrients due to changes in the application method, otherwise the production will be reduced due to insufficient nutrient input, and the significance of changing the application method will be lost.
2.4 Do a good job before chemical fertilizer fertilization
During the storage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate due to the storage and the nature of the fertilizer. In order to give full play to fertilizer fertilizer efficiency and improve fertilizer utilization rate, fertilizer fertilizer pretreatment must be done before application. Nitrogen, potassium or compound fertilizers should be broken up and agglomerated. Phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate) should be sieved. Formulated for quick mixing before application. The mixed fertilizer cannot be placed for a long time, preferably within 4-6 hours.
Third, technical maturity
This kind of fertilization method is technically mature in the place where the technology is born, which can be accepted by most farmers and gradually rises to a fertilization method which is widely applied. The author investigates the origin of technology in Xingyi Town, Shuren Town and Shizhi Town of Fengdu County, and considers its technical maturity. First, the technical advantage of this fertilization method has been recognized by most farmers; the second is the fertilization method and There is no significant difference in corn yield compared to the local customary fertilization method.
Fourth, technical suitability
Although the corn bottom fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer and the fertilizer are combined into one fertilization method, although there are many technical advantages in production, the technical suitability of the soil should also be considered from the fertilizer-retaining fertilizer of the soil and the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the corn. The author believes that thin sand should not use this method of fertilization.
This article URL: New technology for corn fertilization
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