The potato has wide adaptability, simple cultivation, high yield and good economic benefits. It has been cultivated in large areas in the north. Cultivation Techniques:
1, deep ploughing
The potato is suitable for cultivation in sandy loam soil. Deep plowing can loosen the soil and have good air permeability. It can also improve soil water storage, fertilizer retention and drought resistance, improve soil physical properties, and create good conditions for potato root development and tuber enlargement. . The fibrous roots of potato have poor penetrating power. Soil loosening is conducive to the growth of the root system. The better the root system develops in the soil, the stronger the plant growth potential, and the higher the yield, especially for the relatively slow growing varieties.
2, fertilizer preparation
The potato is a fertilizer crop, especially organic fertilizer. According to pollution-free production standards and fertilizer application guidelines, organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition, but also can improve the physical structure of the soil. General application of organic fertilizer 15 ~ 30t/hm2 (or farmhouse fertilizer 75t/hm2 or so), superphosphate 750kg/hm2, potassium sulfate 600kg/hm2, urea 150kg/hm2.
3, germination
Spring sowing needs about 1800kg/hm2 of seeded potatoes. To select the potato pieces that meet the characteristics of varieties, complete, no pests, no frost, smooth skin, and good color, as seed potatoes. Germination before sowing can eliminate diseased potatoes, shoots with fast roots, emerged early and homogeneous, hair early, early potato, is conducive to high yield. In the northern regions, outdoor germination is generally used, and a germination ditch with a width of 1m and a depth of 50cm is selected to dig at the leeward sunny position, and the dicing is placed in the ditch to stimulate germination according to an indoor germination method. A small shed is used on the ditch to increase the temperature, and the grass is covered at 17:00.è‹« Insulation, 8:00 to remove grasshoppers to increase temperature. Cutting requirements: 50 kilograms of seed potatoes cut about 50 pieces, each piece of about 25g is appropriate, the size of the cut should be consistent, at least there should be a bud on each piece. The knife is disinfected with an alcohol or potassium permanganate solution during the change. The incision is close to the buds and can stimulate early germination, which will facilitate early emergence.
4, sowing
Timely sowing has an important influence on the growth and development of plants and is a key link to achieve high yields. (1) sowing when the soil temperature reaches the depth of 10cm at 8-10°C; (2) avoiding frost during the spring sowing of potato, generally pushing the local frost for 20-30 days before the suitable sowing date; the northern part generally on April 20th Left and right sowing; (3) should be arranged in the formation period of tubers suitable for tuber formation, expansion season, the average temperature does not exceed 23 °C, sunshine hours does not exceed 14h, with moderate rainfall. In the more rainy areas, small whole-planted potatoes should be planted to avoid the loss of potatoes in the field, resulting in reduced production.
5, field management
The purpose of field management is to use scientific and comprehensive agricultural techniques to create good growth conditions for potato plants, which is an important part of promoting early maturing, high yield and efficient cultivation. (1) The field management of potatoes should highlight an “early†word. The general requirement is early-onset early-term, long-term stability, and late-late decline. (2) The management focuses on the timely cultivation, weeding, topdressing, and soil cultivation in the early stage, and pay attention to drainage and irrigation in the later stage to prevent pests and diseases. After the potato seedlings, weeding should be done manually. (3) Dressing should not be late as early as possible. After 80% of the seedlings are harvested, the first topdressing will be carried out. Applying urea at a rate of 225kg/hm2 will prompt irrigation after top dressing. In the early stage of flowering, the tubers enter the rapid expansion stage, combine with weeding for the second time to cultivate soil and water, and the plants are cultivated before mulching to prevent the tubers from being exposed to green color. The 2nd top dressing may be determined according to the growth of the plant, generally no fertilizer is added, if needed A small amount of urea can be topdressed, about 150kg/hm2.
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