Healthy prawn culture and disease prevention

In the development of the shrimp industry, shrimp disease has caused major economic losses for the majority of shrimp farmers and has become an important factor restricting the further development of the shrimp industry. In particular, there is no effective treatment for viral shrimp diseases. The occurrence of shrimp disease is not only the result of the invasion of pathogens, but also closely related to the disease resistance of the shrimp itself and the breeding environment and the breeding and management techniques of the breeding. Therefore, shrimp aquaculture must support the prevention of rational levels, minimize the incidence or even eliminate the breeding of shrimp disease, and ultimately achieve high yield and high efficiency. The healthy aquaculture and disease prevention technologies of shrimp mainly include the following three aspects. First, control and eliminate pathogens, cut off the route of transmission 1.1 Scientific construction of a good choice of geographical location Shrimp pool is the basis for healthy breeding and disease prevention and control. Choose to build shrimp ponds in the inner bay or estuary coastal beaches with small winds, flat terrain, smooth water, and no pollution. Shrimp ponds should be separated into water and drainage, and the size, layout, depth and other production management facilities of shrimp ponds should be scientifically and reasonably supported. 1.2 Doing a good job of dredging and disinfecting shrimp ponds Ponds are carriers of shrimp farming and are also places where various pathogens are parasitic and multiply. Therefore, before the stocking of the shrimp, the sludge must be completely removed to reduce the hazard of the acid septage and other harmful substances in the sediment. Use bleaching powder, oxygen dioxide, quicklime, trichlorfon, tea bran and other drugs to disinfect and kill harmful organisms and pathogenic organisms, remove pathogens and intermediate hosts, eliminate factors that are not conducive to the life and growth of shrimp, and cut off viruses. Pathogen transmission, creating a good pond environment, preventing the occurrence of shrimp disease. 1.3 Change the traditional breeding mode to adopt closed culture, use the reservoir to disinfect the water body and then enter the culture pond, or use the deep-water well to pick up salt water fresh water or fresh water to exchange the aquaculture water, effectively control the infection of the disease. In particular, the addition of freshwater not only reduces the salinity of the aquaculture water, increases the growth rate of the shrimp, but also makes some pathogens unable to survive in the low salinity water, reducing the infection of the disease. 1.4 Choosing superior shrimp seedlings The selection of quality and robust shrimp seedlings is the key to successful breeding. The shrimp seedlings not only have the appearance of uniform size and shape, but also have a complete shape, are active and lively, are responsive, have strong counter traveling ability, are transparent and clean, and have long body length. 1.0 cm or more, and not belong to the high temperature preterm delivery and the large amount of antibiotics used to raise the shrimp, was determined to be without virus. 1.5 Feeding and Feeding The whole process uses artificial high-quality compound feeds to minimize or not feed fresh live feeds. To feed fresh material. To feed fresh material, it must be tested and confirmed to be free of virus, and then sterilized with 20 g/m3 potassium permanganate, rinsed with clean water before feeding, to prevent disease from entering the pool and Into." 1.6 Do a good job of regularly disinfecting the water body During the aquaculture process, in addition to the normal drainage and water exchange, use 0.3-0.5 g/m3 of povidone iodine or dioxins and other disinfectants for the breeding pond water every 15-20 days. Disinfection, kill bacteria, reduce pathogenic factors. 1.7 Establish Disease Separation System for Shrimp Pond Breeding machines and tools should be used exclusively and often disinfected with disinfectants such as potassium permanganate or bleaching powder. Once a shrimp disease occurs, pool water in the disease pool cannot be discharged without being disinfected so as not to be transmitted to other shrimp ponds. Production tools cannot be used for other shrimp ponds without being sterilized. Second, optimize and improve the breeding environment 2.1 a reasonable amount of stocking density scientific and reasonable stocking density is conducive to aquaculture environment, promote ecological balance, in particular to maintain aquaculture water microecological balance, maintain water quality and effectively prevent the occurrence and epidemic of disease, This will increase pond yields and benefits. Reasonable stocking densities should be based on the conditions of the ponds, the supporting conditions of the aquaculture facilities and the level of their own cultivation. 2.2 Maintain the stable color of the shrimp pond In the breeding process, it is beneficial to inoculate the pond with photosynthetic bacteria by fertilizing or appropriately adding water to cultivate the water color mainly composed of green algae and diatom and maintain the appropriate transparency (30-50 cm). Microbes reproduce, they increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water through photosynthesis, and at the same time, they can also control the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and harmful algae, and play a role in biological antagonism, forming a balanced microbiological environment, thereby effectively maintaining water. The environment is stable. 2.3 Using water quality protection agents During the middle and late breeding period, due to the large accumulation of residual baits, feces, and other organic debris, the sediment and water environment are increasingly degraded, and shrimp diseases can easily be induced. Regular use of zeolite powder, dolomite powder, and quicklime water quality protection agents can effectively inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria and the production of ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful substances in the pool bottom and water body, stabilize the pH value of the water body, increase dissolved oxygen in water, improve and Optimize the aquaculture water environment and promote the normal growth and development of cultured shrimp and maintain its health. 2.4 Strong oxygenation The use of oxygen-enhanced machinery to enhance oxygenation not only satisfies the need for high-density intensive culture of shrimp pond life activities, but also constantly stirs the pool water circulation, which can also improve the stratification of water bodies. Adequate dissolved oxygen can also oxidize the organic waste in the water to decompose into inorganic nutrients needed for the growth of single-cell algae, enhance the water body's self-function, improve water quality conditions, and create an excellent ecological environment for shrimp. 2.5 Rational use of drugs to avoid drug abuse drugs have a good role in the prevention and treatment of diseases, but regular or excessive use will affect the quality of shrimp, and enhance the anti-drug resistance and pollution of the breeding environment. Therefore, in the process of disease prevention and control, accurate diagnosis and symptomatic remedy should be done. Drugs, biological agents and Chinese herbal medicine with good curative effect and low side effects should be selected. 3 Improving the autoimmune and disease resistance of prawn. 3.1 Harvesting basic foods Babies' basic food organisms refer to the natural algae in shrimp ponds and other organisms that can be used by prawn. They are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, etc. The nutrients needed are the best natural feed for baby shrimp and prawns. Shrimp eating it not only grow faster, health is strong, reduce the cost of breeding, reduce food contamination of the bottom of the pool, and enhance the immune and disease resistance of shrimp plays an important role. Moreover, feed organisms, especially phytoplankton, also purify water, absorb ammonia, sulfur and other harmful substances in the water and reduce the harm to shrimp. 3.2 Selection of constitution feeds Prawn feeds should be fed shrimp with uniform particles, complete nutrition, good water stability, and low feed rate to meet the nutrient requirements for shrimp growth, but also reduce water quality, sediment pollution, and avoid shrimp disease. . When using compound feeds, two kinds of high-quality compound feeds should be used alternately to complement each other's nutrition so as to avoid long-term single use of one brand of feed. Regularly mix 3%-5% vitamin polysaccharide, 1%-2% garlicin, 3%-5% fish oil and other substances in the food, which can improve the utilization of the food, increase the immunity of the shrimp, and play a preventive role. effect. The bait is usually fed once every two weeks, and 5-7 days are a course of treatment. 3.3 Reduce stress response in the body Breeding practices have proved that abnormal climates such as storms and typhoons in the sea area lead to abnormal environmental conditions, which can lead to sudden changes in salinity, pH value, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and other factors, and stress response of shrimp. Stimulation of frequent or sustained stress responses will disrupt the metabolism of the shrimp, reduce the defensive capacity of the shrimp, and provide opportunities for pathogen invasion. Therefore, in the event of an unusual weather such as storms, aerators should be started in time to use zeolite powder, quicklime and other water quality, so as to maintain a relatively stable water environment and reduce the occurrence of stress responses in shrimp bodies. At the same time, disinfectants are used to kill pathogens in the water, and medicine baits are used to enhance the disease resistance of shrimp and prevent the occurrence of shrimp diseases.

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