Application of em technology in livestock husbandry and poultry breeding

Application techniques in livestock husbandry and poultry farming The main approaches and methods used by EM in aquaculture are: adopting the principles of microecological engineering, screening out the suitable medium for different livestock and poultry needs, and making a bioactive feed; based on the type of livestock and poultry, Different growth periods, etc., were directly fed or added to drinking water with different concentrations of EM fluids; broths were regularly sprayed with EM liquid and put into septic tanks, or livestock manure was composted with EM. The comprehensive application of these approaches and methods is the key to giving full play to EM's resistance to Bo's production, deodorization, and improvement of meat quality. EM is widely used in pigs, cattle, rabbits, dogs, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, fish, cockroaches, shrimps, and almost all livestock and poultry breeding. 1. The mechanism of action of EM in culture—EM penetration of feed and drinking water into the animal's intestine can form a powerful dominant population along with beneficial bacteria in the gut, inhibiting and eliminating pathogenic bacteria. EM grows in the digestive tract and feed of animals, and can synthesize large amounts of nutrients such as sugars, starches, amino acids, and proteins, and provides a lot of nutrients for livestock and poultry like animal nutrition factories. Not only that, these beneficial microorganisms grow and reproduce. In the production of a large number of biologically active substances, such as micro-organisms, various digestive enzymes and metabolic enzymes, and endocrine hormones and other substances, to adjust and improve the function of various organs, these beneficial microorganisms can also break down the crude fiber in the feed, so that these can not be digested Absorption and utilization of crude fiber translates into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by animals to increase animal digestion and absorption of feed. These beneficial microorganisms can also produce various antibiotics of all varieties and quantities, which can improve the disease resistance of animals, kill pathogenic microorganisms and inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria. 1. The Role of EM in Livestock and Poultry Breeding Because EM (Effective Microorganisms) has the above peculiar effects, it has the following functions:
(1) Increase livestock and poultry nutrition, improve feed utilization, and increase growth rate: Many effective microorganisms and yeasts, photosynthetic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria contain not only proteins but also complete amino acid composition, rich in vitamins, and a large amount of carotenoids. Antiviral substances, auxin, and active substances that enhance the body's immunity, as feed additives can increase the nutrition of livestock and poultry, promote the growth of livestock and poultry, increase daily weight gain, and shorten the feeding time. As the palatability of the feed is improved, the animal's appetite is enhanced, the animal's digestion and synthesis of nutrients is enhanced, and the feed conversion rate is increased. By feeding EM, it promotes the change of the microecological balance in livestock and poultry. Metabolism of microorganisms with different functions in the body can significantly increase the absorption of various nutrients and reduce unnecessary energy consumption of livestock and poultry, thus accelerating the growth. Speed ​​improves feed utilization. For example, crop straws fermented with EM can significantly improve the palatability of straw and increase digestion and absorption rates.
The use of EM live microbial fermentation feed, on the one hand by the EM microbiota fermentation, effectively increase the feed crude protein, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients, greatly degrading cellulose, lignin, etc., improve feed utilization. Zhang Rijun et al. (1998) determined the nutrient content of EM fermented feed. EM liquid: brown sugar: water: feed was mixed at a ratio of 1:1:35:100 and was sealed and fermented at 28-30°C for 5 days. pH value of feed It was 5.9, a decrease of 1.4, a crude protein content of 23.21%, an increase of 1.6%. Moreover, the content of lysine, threonine, arginine, valine and tryptophan in corn after EM treatment was increased by more than 20%, and the methionine content was increased to 31.11%. This amino acid content and its proportion The changes will further increase the nutritional value of the feed, reduce the negative impact of amino acid deficiency on the performance of livestock and poultry, and contribute to the full play of the genetic performance of livestock and poultry. In addition, EM treatment of feeds lowers the pH of the feed and can also effectively suppress and kill harmful microorganisms, reduce pathogen intrusion, and improve feed hygiene. On the other hand, the EM microbiota enters the intestine, promotes the growth and reproduction of the normal flora of the intestine, improves the efficiency of the intrinsic digestion process, and can also change the physiochemical state of the intestine through its own secreted digestive enzymes, so that it cannot be digested. The substance is digested. On the other hand, EM microbiota can produce a variety of beneficial substances through its own reproduction and metabolism under appropriate conditions. For example, photosynthetic bacteria contain more than 60% of their own bacterial cells, and are rich in vitamins, folic acid, and biotin. They also contain coenzymes and growth-promoting factors. Therefore, EM is an indispensable feed additive for full price feed in recent years.
According to Hu Mingde (1999), pigs weighing 35 to 80 days of age were fed 10% to 15% EM fermented diet. The weight gain of piglets was about 7 kg. The weight of the experimental group was 67% higher than that of the control group.
?? EM feeding method, you can use direct feeding method, according to 0.2% of the amount of feed directly into the feed, stirring while spraying, mix well and then feed. EM drinking method can also be adopted. Different livestock and poultry use different concentrations, such as 0.1% to 0.3% for chickens and 0.02% to 0.05% for pigs. EM feed can make laying hens lay eggs in advance, the egg production rate and the average egg weight are obviously higher than those in the control group, the ratio of feed to eggs is decreased, and the economic benefit is increased by more than 20%.
Feeding cattle with dry corn stover that has been treated with EM fermentation can increase the palatability and digestibility of the straw, greatly increase the nutritional value, and significantly reduce feed consumption. During the 120-day fattening period of beef cattle, the feed rate increased by more than 9% compared with the control, saving various concentrates and raw materials by more than 9%. The milk production of dairy cows can also be increased by more than 6%.
? Feeding livestock and poultry using EM should pay attention to the following issues: 1 The application time is early, and it should be used from the newborn baby to ensure that the microorganisms in the additive preferentially occupy the digestive tract, thus reducing or preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Propagation; 2 The microorganisms in the additive should have enough vitality and quantity; 3 The effect is most obvious in the stress period of livestock and poultry.
(2) Significantly enhance the immunity and disease resistance of livestock and poultry, and improve the survival rate: Through the coordination of various effective microorganisms of EM to regulate the imbalance of microbial flora in livestock and poultry, effectively inhibit pathogens in livestock and poultry, and enhance immunity. The mechanism can also provide a large number of various antibiotics and other biologically active substances, which can enhance the disease resistance of livestock and poultry, reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the survival rate. There is a peculiar control effect on the epidemic, which can reduce the incidence of livestock and poultry by more than 70%. For example, when birds were fed 400 days, the average mortality of chickens was 35.5% lower than that of the controls. In 1999, Liu Yuesheng and Others used EM inoculum to kill piglets with white fleas. The experiment was divided into autumn, winter, and spring to treat piglets. Each group was divided into 1, 2 and 3 groups. One group was orally killed. Wang, 2 groups of oral EM agents, 3 groups as blank control. The results of the second phase may be due to the possibility of infectious gastroenteritis, the treatment is ineffective, the incidence of the first phase 1.2.3 group were 56.76%, 52.78% and 61.54%, 1.2 group of cure rates were 76.19% and 100%, respectively, 3 groups The course of the disease is 6 to 9 days. The third-stage incidence rates were 60.98%, 45.28%, and 66.67%, respectively. The 1.2-group cures were 68% and 100%, respectively. The 3-stage disease course was 7-11 days. The test showed that the EM inoculum group saved 0.30 yuan per head of drug cost compared with the killing quail group, which produced a good economic benefit. Whether it is fermented feed with EM live bacteria, or added to feed, or as drinking water (to be added to well water or tap water for 24 hours), after the microbiota enters the intestine, it can regulate the balance of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of the animal, and the intestinal tract The original beneficial bacteria together form a powerful dominant population, produce some antibacterial substances, change the intestinal environment, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms or stimulating immune function, and strengthening the anti-infective ability of pathogenic bacteria, especially for young livestock and poultry. The diarrhea has a significant control effect, thereby increasing the survival rate of young livestock. According to Ma Weisheng test report (1999), EM liquid or EM fermentation broth was used to feed 2 ml per head before the pig's colostrum was eaten, followed by feeding along the side of production, and after the last output of the whole nest was fed and fed, the animal was released again. For milk, even after 3 days of irrigation, the mortality rate of newborn piglets decreased by 14.28%. Wei Yuming et al. (1998) conducted a large-scale EM application trial at the Xinhua Factory Pig Farming Group in Gansu Province. They added 8% and 10% of EM fermentation material to the gestating sow and farrowing sow diet respectively, and added 5% EM fermentation material to the piglet diet. The number of live pigs in the experimental group and the number of weaned piglets increased by 2.74% and 6.25%, respectively. The birth weight and weaning weight increased by 4.2% and 10.7%, the incidence of yellow peony decreased by 64.2%, the mortality rate decreased by 44.4%, and the average daily weight gain increased by 10% from 35 to 70 days. Ni Yongzhen and others conducted a 400-day EM-feeding hen test at the Beinongda Experimental Station chicken farm in Hebei Province. They basically did not use antibiotics, growth hormone, etc. The chicken's death rate averaged 35.5%, including 1 to 6 weeks. The age was reduced by 80.0%, decreased by 58.6% from 7 to 20 weeks of age, and decreased by 14.4% from 21 to 57 weeks of age.
(3) Improve meat quality and improve product quality: As EM animals are fed, antibiotic drugs in livestock and poultry are reduced, eliminating chemical pollution and biological pollution. Not only does the livestock and poultry grow fast, but also due to the activation of a large number of effective microorganisms in the body, it promotes the improvement of the meat quality, the protein content of the meat is significantly increased, and the fat and cholesterol content of the livestock and poultry products are reduced, and the fibrous tissue of the meat is improved and improved. The meat is fresh and tender, and the eggs are naturally flavored. Due to the cessation of the use of veterinary drugs, there are no veterinary drug residues in meat or eggs, resulting in pollution-free, healthy and safe green food.
(4) Enhancing reproductive performance of female livestock and poultry: A large number of biologically active substances in EM can significantly enhance the ovarian function of livestock and poultry, activate the function of reproductive organs, and cause abnormal ovulation, thereby improving the conception rate, litter size, and egg production of livestock and poultry. Rate, prolonging breeding years. Can significantly increase the reproduction rate of livestock and poultry, so that the sow's birth rate increased by 30% to 50%, so that the hen's egg production rate increased by 15% to 25%.
(5) Can remove fecal urine odor, purify the ecological environment, no environmental pollution: photosynthetic bacteria decompose skatole, inhibit ammonia emissions, actinomycetes block skatole production, to minimize the odor of livestock and poultry, obviously Suppresses breeding of mosquitoes and flies. Feeding EM feed or drinking water can not only increase the output of livestock and poultry fish, but also reduce the odor of livestock manure, improve the growth environment of livestock and poultry, and reduce ammonia emissions to allowable standards. At the same time, the odorless treatment of livestock and poultry manure using EM technology can fundamentally improve the environmental sanitation conditions inside and outside the farm, reduce the pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil, and make it possible to realize the resource and harmlessness of the manure. The odorless excrement after drying can be used as a raw material to be reprocessed into feed, and can also be used as a senior sanitary fertilizer for potting and turf greening.
Addition of EM during chicken manure composting can significantly accelerate the composting of compost, and it can be composted for 20 days at room temperature. The environmental sanitation around the compost is greatly improved, and no fly larvae, no effluent, no odor are emitted. . Ammonia odor is very light after EM treatment, and the compost exudes a strong aroma, masking the only small amount of odor. In addition, the addition of EM compost can retain more nitrogen and organic matter, which not only increases the compost's fertilizer value, but also improves the surrounding environmental quality. After the application of EM technology, chicken manure and pig manure were not stinky, but their fertilizer efficiency was not only not reduced but also increased. The chicken manure and swine manure after EM treatment are very popular because the nutrients contained therein are more easily decomposed and absorbed by the plants, which is beneficial to increase the yield of crops and improve their quality. After one month of use of EM in live pig farms, the odor concentration decreased by 97.7% and the incidence of asthma in pigs was also greatly reduced. The odor intensity in the pig house was reduced to less than 2.5, which met the national first class standard. The same EM technology is effective and stable for deodorizing chicken farms.
Therefore, the use of EM can promote the composting of livestock and poultry manure, control the generation of odors, accelerate the treatment of livestock manure in large and medium-sized farms in the suburbs of metropolitan areas, promote manure return, and improve the quality of agricultural environment. The effect of EM on the purification of livestock air is also very obvious. In the pig house and chicken house, 20 g of EM is put into each cubic metre of space, which can prevent the generation of a large amount of harmful gases, and make the concentration of various harmful gases reach the sanitary standard. The odor intensity can be reduced to 0 to 1. 2. How to use EM??(1) Fermentation of feed with EM: When using EM for fermentation, it is better to use self-prepared feed. The advantage of this method is that it can be adjusted according to local conditions. , Reduce the cost; Second, the self-made feed without antibiotics, can produce a true green safe livestock and poultry products. Because commodity feeds generally contain antibiotics, using it as a fermentation feed for EM will greatly reduce the effectiveness of EM. How to check the success of EM feed fermentation:
?? 1 open the sealed container can immediately smell the smell of distiller's yeast, taste sweet and sour taste, indicating that the fermentation is complete; if only sweet and sour, indicating that the fermentation process has not been completed, must continue to ferment; if only the acid is not sweet, indicate Too much water in the feed, insufficient sugar content, to join the feed and brown sugar to continue the fermentation; if with rancid smell, indicating that the feed has deteriorated, fermentation failure, the use of the effect is not good.
2 Indirect judgment method: Feed the animals with EM fermented feed for 7 to 10 days. Check the feces. If the odor disappears, it indicates that the feed has been fermented successfully. If the faecal odor is still present, there is a problem with the feed fermentation. Find out the reasons. Improve.
(2) EM as drinking water of livestock and poultry: As an auxiliary usage of EM feed, it is best used in combination with EM feed. Can also be used alone, instead of EM fermentation feed, the effect is second only. Production method: EM 1 kg, raw water 50 kg, such as adding 0.5 kg of brown sugar, the effect will be better.
?? (3) EM dilution spray housing: EM 1 kg, plus 30 kg of raw water, used to spray the shed, eliminate odor. As the odor is reduced, the concentration and amount can be reduced to keep the environment clean. 3. EM application examples in the breeding industry ? EM biotechnology is the use of reciprocity or mutual benefit between effective microbiota to create beneficial microbial communities in the livestock and poultry (intestines) and to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Enhance the resistance of livestock and poultry to diseases, promote growth, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products.
(1) Two hundred kilograms of fermented medium-large chicken feed
??1 Green feed (such as sweet potato vines, ryegrass, cabbage leaves, etc.) 25 kg chopped, 30 kg of corn flour, 15 kg of peanut bran, 20 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of soybean powder, fly pupa powder (powdered or Fishmeal also available) 2 kg, bone meal, salt and trace elements (without antibiotics) in appropriate amounts.
?? 2 dry excrement 25 kg (or wet excrement 50 kg), corn flour 30 kg, peanut bran or rapeseed cake 20 kg, 15 kg of wheat bran, rice bran 7 kg, fly pupae ) 2 kg, 0.4 kg of salt. The actual operation is often the use of wet earthworm excrement, and in the absence of separation of the earthworms together with the earthworms, about 5% of fresh earthworms in earthworm excrement. First put 1 kg of EM fluid and salt into 70 kg warm water of 40°C, add 1 000 grams of brown sugar to activate the bacteria and mix it with the feed after 2 hours. Grasp a handful of feed with water, grasp firmly and see the hand. It is best if there is water in the joints without dripping. The container is compacted, and the fermentation is sealed with agricultural film. It can be used 24 to 48 hours in summer and 48 to 72 hours in winter. This method can greatly reduce the cost of farming, the conventional method of raising a chicken to make a profit of 1 to 1.5 yuan is good, the use of EM fermentation feed, each chicken can make a profit of 3.5 to 5 yuan. Chicken farms in this way have no odor. Chickens have strong disease resistance and delicious meat. The market price is high.
(2) Fermentation of pig feed with EM: 100 kg of feed require 20 kg of rice bran, 17 kg of wheat bran, 20 kg of corn flour, 15 kg of soybean meal, 25 kg of green fodder or earthworm excrement (50 kg of wet excrement), and livestock Trace elements (without antibiotics, if you use vermicompost may not be used) 2 liters, fly pupae or pupae powder 2 kilograms (if verrucose contains plutonium can not be used), varieties and proportions can be adapted to local conditions, flexible adjustment. EM 2 kg, salt 0.4 kg, warm water 70 kg, brown sugar 1 000 g. The brown sugar is first dissolved in warm water at 40° C., and EM is placed for 2 hours to activate the EM bacteria. The bacterial water is poured into the feed and mixed. The feed is then compacted in a container and then anaerobicly fermented using a membrane seal. Fermentation time is 1 to 2 days in summer and 2 to 4 days in winter.
(3) EM is applied to laying hens: In 1997, Quanzhou Xiesheng Integrated Farm after two years of experimental demonstration, achieved good results. The breeding rate of EM biotechnology applied to laying hens was 96.7%, which was 3.5% higher than that of the control group. The average egg production rate during the peak period was 90.3% and 0.87%, which was 4.5% higher than that of the control group. The egg production rate during the peak feeding period was 90% to 95. %, more than 90% of the peak period is maintained for 14 to 15 weeks, and all production targets are at or close to the original introduction level. By using EM, the productivity of livestock and poultry can be improved; the health status of the flock can be improved and the slaughter rate of laying hens can be reduced; the environment of the livestock house can be purified, and the concentration and odor of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide gas in the poultry house can be significantly reduced. Reduce mosquitoes and flies. EM biotechnology has a wide range of applications in the aquaculture industry. In particular, the use of EM liquid to ferment chicken manure to feed pigs has opened up new avenues for developing chicken manure resources and reducing the cost of raising pigs. This achievement was approved by Quanzhou Science and Technology Commission in 1998.
(4) Effect of EM preparations on production performance of laying hens: In 1999 Liu Hongyuan’s experiment, 330 healthy and disease-free 180-day-old Hyland white commercial laying hens were randomly divided into 3 groups, ie EM drinking water adding group, EM The fermented feed group and the control group, 110 in each group, were pre-tested for 7 days, so that the chickens had an adaptation process, so that the egg production rate was not significantly different among the groups, and then entered the official period, from May 6 to June 4 Japan 30 days. The results showed that EM preparations could significantly improve the production performance of laying hens, especially the rate of egg production and feed conversion. The lactic acid bacteria group, yeast flora and photosynthetic bacteria group in EM preparations gradually formed the dominant bacteria group in the intestinal tract of chickens. , Promote each other's growth, inhibit the growth of harmful micro-organisms, is conducive to digestion and absorption of nutrients in the intestine, so that laying hens can stabilize the performance of its production performance; EM preparations also have the effect of improving egg quality, reducing chicken odor, and protecting environmental health The application of EM preparation in laying hens can greatly increase economic benefits, and it is worth to be widely applied.
(5) EM produces "green" poultry eggs: an egg product that has been detected by the National Food Monitoring Center and has not detected any pesticide residues, hormones, and antibiotic residues - "EM duck eggs" came out in mid-January 2001 Has become China's first truly "green" poultry egg, indicating that China's bio-engineering technology has expanded its application fields. This new egg product was successfully developed by experts from the Bohai Ecological Base of the Environmental Protection Research Center of the State Environmental Protection Administration. The base introduced golden duck ducks from abroad and adopted high-tech and successful breeding of effective micro-organisms (EM) to form such quality and healthy duck products.

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