Since the emergence of colorful orchids, the appreciation standards have undergone great changes. At first, as long as it is Canglan, there is the ecliptic and Baidao, and then gradually added to the appreciation standards of the Greenland, such as aspect ratio, round, bright, bright, blue and delicate, good head shape, good plant shape, Yuan throne, Rigidity has been fully adopted. In general, Chong Lan requires that in addition to the colorful channel with colored orchids, it must also have the appreciation standard for green orchids. The specific requirements are as follows:
â—Ž The color channels are evenly distributed: white and green, with a certain proportion.
â—Ž Good color path contrast: Clear and green, bright and charming, exquisitely carved, with a sense of three-dimensional, transparent, refreshing â—Ž The stability of the game channel is good: The distribution of the channel of Cymbidium is more evenly distributed on each leaf. The closer the leaves, the better. There are five types of colorful orchids, namely, round lanes, ramps, color channels, and gold silk lanes. There are many varieties such as Guolan Clan, Japanese Cyan, Blue Orchid, and Blue Orchid. The color requirements and variety characteristics must be considered when breeding, and parents should be carefully selected. Some of the previous breeding experiences are summarized below.
The selection of the parents has changed from the emergence of color Clivia in the 1980s to 15% to 20%. Only the plants with fairly uniform colored stripes are used as the female parent, and the emergence rate may reach 70%. Therefore, in the selection of parents, it is necessary to consider the traits between the parent and the female parent in a comprehensive manner so as to complement each other, and it is possible to obtain excellent orchid seedlings. The choice of female parent According to the experience of the predecessors, choosing the female parent firstly selects the silk road blue which is very transparent in the mother's road. The front and rear silk roads can pass through, and the uniform distribution of the color channels is required, and the color purity is high; the contrast between porcelain and dark green is as great as possible. . Second consider other traits, such as the length, width, length-width ratio, leaf veins, head shape, seat type, brightness, thickness, stiffness and other conditions. In the case of guaranteeing the emergence rate of offspring and the higher ratio of offspring to blue, the other conditions are more in line with the standard of Clivia.
The choice of the father to choose the father, the first selection of more transparent silk Dolan. Secondly, consider the defects existing in the maternity traits and compensate for, modify and enhance the maternal traits. In production practice, it will be found that some paternal parents are of good quality, but different generations of mothers have different offspring. Therefore, the selection of an excellent paternal parent requires long-term practice, recording, observation, and summary before it can be determined. The hybrid technology, Clivia, does not self-spent and requires artificial pollination. After selecting the parents, implementing the correct pollination techniques can yield a lot of fruit. Prepare Pollination Before pollination, prepare the necessary pollination tools:
Pollination toothpick, brush, glass dish, tweezers, label, pencil or ballpoint pen. To spend a lot of time to prepare more pollination tools, be sure to use a parent pollination tool. Determine the best pollination time When the mother's floret is cracked 2 ~ 3d, the stigma of the pistil begins to secrete mucus, and the pistil matures, which is the optimal pollination period. The best pollination time in a day is from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. daily or from 13 a.m. to 14 p.m. in the afternoon. Collecting Pollen in Time When the male's stamens emerge from the perianth, the anthers crack, and the pollen begins to scatter, remove the male's stamens with tweezers and inject the yellow pollen into the glass dish and cover it with the lid. The powder cannot be too late, pollen is easy to dissipate. Pollination: When the mother's petal petals are about to be unfolded or in the day of larvae, artificially unfold the petal petals, remove the stamens without loose powder one by one, and observe them. After 2 to 3 days, the stigma began to have mucus secretion, indicating that the pistil was mature and could be pollinated. When pollinating, use a brush, toothpick, or other tool to stick the pollen grains to the stigma of the female pistil and wait until the pollen grains stick to the stigma. Direct pollination can also be used. The method is that the stamens that can disperse the pollen are picked off with tweezers and directly rubbed on the stigma with the paternal anthers until the stigmas stick to the yellow pollen grains, and the pollination operation ends. To ensure that the powder is given, it can be pollinated once in the morning or the following year. Note that the pollen must be pollinated twice with the same paternal parent. A set of pollination tools grants only one paternal powder. If it is necessary, it needs to completely kill the pollen grains of the previous parent before use. Don't wait for all the florets to bloom after pollination, and pollinate flowering flocks at different times in a timely manner to ensure successful pollination. The number of pollination hours, times, father's name, and operator should be listed on the pollen flower. Observe after the completion of pollination, and timely remove the Kaffir lily flowers, do not wait for the natural fall off, so as not to consume nutrients. Under normal circumstances, after the completion of the pollination operation, the ovary began to inflate, indicating successful pollination. After the fruit is stable, if there is no change of soil in the previous year, change the soil in time, and immediately after changing soil, inject 800 times carbendazim solution to prevent root rot and timely supply water to prevent fruit drop. Then it goes to the normal parental management stage. After the seeds were harvested and entered into winter, the fruits of Clivia showed growth and development for about 8 months, and some of the seeds began to appear colored, indicating that the fruits were mature and seeds must be collected in time. When the seeds are collected, they should be cut in the middle and lower part of the flower buds with a knife and hang in a cool and ventilated place. After 10 to 15 days of ripening, the seeds were peeled off from the fruits and washed with clean water, dried, collected or immediately sowed. When the seed is stripped, grain selection is performed to eliminate the poorly-developed seeds without seeds and seeds. After the seeds are harvested, simple records should be made. Such as number, harvest date, seed name, paternal parent name, flower color, plant type, and adaptability. Label the bag and place it in the bag as a basis for seed processing, storage, exchange and sowing. The seeds are then stored in a low-temperature, dry, sealed environment, keeping the seed germinating power and waiting for sowing.
Author: Hebei Shijiazhuang Agricultural School
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