Bt, or *Bacillus thuringiensis*, is a broad-spectrum bacterial insecticide that effectively controls a wide range of pests, especially those belonging to the Lepidoptera order. One of its key advantages is its high safety profile for humans, animals, and plants, as well as its non-harmful effect on beneficial insects and natural predators. Over the years, the global production and application of Bt have steadily increased. In North America, for example, the area treated with Bt against gypsy moths has exceeded 1.3 million hectares, making up nearly 48% of the total controlled area. Similarly, Eastern European countries have also invested in developing Bt-based insecticides to combat forest pests and protect their ecosystems.
During China's "8th Five-Year Plan" period, significant progress was made in standardizing Bt products, bringing them to an internationally competitive level. Two main formulations—microcapsule Bt raw powder and microcapsule suspension—have been developed and applied to control over ten types of agricultural and forestry pests, including pine caterpillars. These formulations show strong insecticidal activity, with a 20–30% increase in toxicity when applied at rates between 1,500 and 2,250 grams per hectare. In 1997, the Ministry of Forestry recognized Bt as a key technology for promotion due to its effectiveness and environmental benefits.
As the world moves into the knowledge-based economy and increasingly prioritizes environmental sustainability, the shift from chemical pesticides to bio-insecticides like Bt is becoming more inevitable. This transition not only supports ecological balance but also ensures safer agricultural practices for future generations. With ongoing research and improved formulations, Bt continues to play a vital role in modern pest management strategies worldwide.
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