In China, the traditional method of cultivating kelp seedlings using summer seedlings has been widely adopted, but it comes with several disadvantages. First, it involves long-growing periods, high costs, and significant risks. Second, the mixing of different species during the nursery stage often leads to the loss of desirable traits. To address these issues, some kelp farms have started using clonal propagation techniques. This method involves growing kelp seedlings from gametophytes, which allows for more controlled and efficient production.
The process begins with selecting healthy kelp plants with long, dark, and shiny blades that have mature sporangia free from debris. A 5 cm portion of the sporangia is cut and treated in boiled seawater to remove impurities. After rinsing in sterile seawater and drying, the sample is placed in water at 10°C to initiate spore release.
Once the spores reach a density of 2–5 per 160 mm², they are filtered through gauze and transferred to slides. When the spores adhere at about 10 per 160 mm², the slides are incubated in low-temperature, sterile seawater under specific conditions: temperature between 10–15°C, light intensity of 1500–2500 meter-candles, and 24-hour lighting. The culture medium includes boiled and disinfected seawater with added nutrients like sodium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
As the gametophytes grow and differentiate into male and female cells, they are isolated and cultured separately. Once they form spherical filaments, they are crushed and transferred to larger flasks for further expansion. As the culture scale increases, large containers such as mineral water tanks are used instead of glassware. Cell masses are broken down using tissue grinders, and continuous aeration ensures even light exposure and nutrient distribution.
Daily management includes regular water changes, monitoring growth, and maintaining cleanliness with UV sterilization. For seedling collection, cell clusters are separated and diluted before being attached to nursery curtains. The seedlings are then grown in flowing water, gradually increasing flow rates to prevent detachment. Washing is done when the seedlings reach a certain size to avoid damage to delicate structures.
Temperature, light, and nutrient levels are carefully controlled throughout the process. After reaching a suitable size, the seedlings are ready for deployment. Compared to traditional methods, clonal propagation offers better control over genetic traits and reduces costs, making it a promising alternative for kelp farming. With proper management, this technique can produce high-quality seedlings that perform just as well as those from traditional spore-based methods.
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