1. Pond Preparation for Reproduction: Several small breeding ponds are constructed, each with an area of approximately 4 square meters and a depth of 70 cm. Before stocking broodstock, each pond is thoroughly disinfected using about 200 grams of quicklime per square meter. New cement ponds are first alkali-treated and then disinfected to ensure a clean environment. The water depth in cement ponds is typically maintained at 50-60 cm. Artificial nests made from asbestos tiles and red bricks are placed at the bottom of the ponds, and shade cloth is stretched over the surface. Water hyacinth is introduced into the pond, covering about two-thirds of the water surface, to provide shelter and improve water quality. Aeration systems are also installed to maintain oxygen levels.
2. Selection of Broodstock: Broodstock selection usually takes place between June and August. The selected individuals should weigh at least 40 grams each, be healthy, have complete appendages, show vibrant coloration, and be free from injuries or diseases.
3. Stocking of Broodstock: When transporting broodstock over long distances, they should be acclimated gradually. First, the broodstock is soaked in pond water for 3-5 minutes, then placed near the edge of the pond for 2-3 minutes. This process is repeated 2-3 times to allow the squid to adjust to the new environment. Afterward, they are slowly released into the pond. A density of 40 broodstock per square meter is recommended, with a 1:1 male-to-female ratio. All broodstock should be of similar size to ensure even development.
4. Broodstock Cultivation: Prior to breeding, broodstock undergo intensive feeding to support their nutritional needs and promote gonadal development. A balanced diet of high-protein animal feed (such as fish gills, fish intestines, and animal by-products) and plant-based feed (like soybean meal and bran) is provided. The ratio of animal to plant feed is typically 1:1 or 3:2. Feeding occurs once daily around 5 p.m., with a feeding rate of 3-5% of the broodstock's body weight.
5. Water Quality Management: Water in the breeding ponds should be changed every 3-5 days. If the water quality deteriorates, the pond must be drained and cleaned. In cases of low oxygen levels, aerators are used to maintain adequate oxygen supply.
6. Spawning and Hatching: After intensive cultivation, broodstock begin mating in September when the water temperature reaches 18°C. Eggs are laid around mid-October. Under ideal conditions, fertilized eggs hatch after 30-40 days at 18-20°C, and within 15-20 days at 25°C. Once a significant number of juvenile shrimp are observed, the seedlings should be harvested promptly.
7. Shrimp Cultivation: The harvested juveniles are moved to grow-out ponds. These can be cement ponds ranging from 20 to 40 square meters with a water depth of 1 meter, or earthen ponds covering 1-3 acres with a slope ratio of 1:2 and a depth of 0.5-1 meter. Each mu (approximately 667 square meters) of earthen pond is enriched with 500 kg of composted manure to cultivate natural food sources. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and water peanuts are added to provide shelter and hiding places for young shrimp.
Juvenile shrimp are stocked on sunny mornings or cloudy days at a density of 150-230 per square meter. For the first week, they are fed soy milk 3-4 times daily. From the second week onward, they are given a mix of animal feeds like small fish, snails, and silkworm pupae, along with plant-based pastes made from corn, wheat, and green vegetation. Feeding is done twice daily, with 70% of the food given at night. Juveniles are fed 250-400 grams per day, equivalent to about 10% of their total weight. Water is changed every 7-10 days, with one-third of the water replaced each time. Every 20 days, 20 grams of lime slurry per cubic meter of water is evenly distributed throughout the pond.
The larvae grow rapidly, molting 5-8 times over 25-30 days, reaching a length of about 3 cm. By April of the following year, the shrimp seedlings are ready to be transferred to earthen ponds for routine farming.
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