1. Reproductive Pond Preparation: Several small ponds are constructed, each with an area of approximately 4 square meters and a depth of around 70 cm. Before stocking broodstock, each pond is thoroughly disinfected using about 200 grams of quicklime per square meter. For new cement ponds, the first step is to alkali-sterilize the structure before proceeding with disinfection. The water depth in cement ponds is typically maintained between 50–60 cm. At the bottom of the pond, artificial nests are built using asbestos tiles and red bricks. A shade cloth is placed over the concrete pond to provide shelter. Water hyacinth is introduced into the pond, covering about two-thirds of the water surface. Aeration systems are also installed to ensure good water circulation and oxygen levels.
2. Broodstock Selection: Broodstock selection typically occurs between June and August. The selected individuals should weigh at least 40 grams each, be healthy, have complete appendages, show vibrant coloration, and be free from disease or injury.
3. Broodstock Introduction: When transporting broodstock over long distances, it is important to acclimate them gradually. Before placing them in the pond, the broodstock is soaked in the pond water for 3–5 minutes, then held at the edge of the pond for 2–3 minutes. This process is repeated 2–3 times to allow the squid to adjust to the new environment. After this, they are slowly released into the pond. A density of 40 broodstock per square meter is recommended, with a 1:1 male-to-female ratio. All broodstock should be of similar size to ensure uniform development.
4. Broodstock Cultivation: Prior to breeding, broodstock must undergo intensive feeding to enhance their nutritional intake and support gonadal development. High-protein animal feeds such as fish gills, fish intestines, and animal by-products are used, supplemented with plant-based feeds like soybean meal and bran. The feed ratio is usually 1:1 or 3:2 (animal to plant). Feeding is done once daily around 5 p.m., with a feeding rate of 3–5% of the total body weight.
5. Water Quality Management: The water in the breeding ponds is changed every 3–5 days. If the water quality deteriorates, the pond should be drained and cleaned. In cases of low dissolved oxygen, aerators are used to maintain adequate oxygen levels.
6. Fertilization and Hatching: After intensive cultivation, broodstock begin mating in September when the water temperature reaches 18°C. Egg-laying typically occurs around mid-October. Under optimal conditions, fertilized eggs hatch after 30–40 days at 18–20°C, and within 15–20 days at 25°C. Once a significant number of juvenile shrimps are observed, they should be harvested promptly.
7. Shrimp Cultivation: Juvenile shrimps are transported to cultivation ponds as soon as possible. Ideal cultivation ponds are cement-based, with an area of 20–40 square meters and a water depth of 1 meter. Alternatively, soil ponds can be used, with an area of 1–3 mu, a slope ratio of 1:2, and a water depth of 0.5–1 meter. Approximately 500 kg of human and animal manure is applied per mu to promote natural food growth. Aquatic plants such as water peanuts and water hyacinth are added to provide shelter and hiding places for young shrimp.
It is best to stock juvenile shrimp on a sunny morning or a cloudy day, at a density of 150–230 tails per square meter. During the first week, they are fed soy milk 3–4 times daily. In the second week, they are given animal-based feeds like small fish, snails, and silkworm pupae, mixed with corn, wheat, and fresh plant matter to create a paste-like feed. This is fed twice daily, with 70% of the food provided at night. The daily feeding amount for juvenile shrimp is 250–400 grams, which is roughly 10% of their total weight in the pond.
Water is changed every 7–10 days, with one-third of the water replaced each time. Every 20 days, 20 grams of lime slurry per cubic meter of water is evenly distributed across the pond. After 25–30 days of rearing, the larvae grow through several molts, reaching a length of about 3 cm. At this stage, the shrimp seedlings can be moved to earth ponds in April of the following year for further farming. This comprehensive approach ensures healthy growth and high survival rates throughout the entire life cycle.
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