In the cultivation of protected vegetables, the root system is the main absorbent organ. When the absorption is impaired, the aboveground part will show more symptoms such as slow growth, chlorosis and wilting. The root system located in the soil will be affected by many factors and the absorption disorder will occur. However, the current awareness of the root system absorption disorder by the vegetable farmers is mostly concentrated on the soil-borne diseases.
Pest damage causes the absorption function to decrease or disappear
In soil-borne diseases, some harmful fungi have a certain active infestation ability, while most harmful fungi are rapidly infested through wounds. Bacteria are mainly infested by wounds. When harmful bacteria invade the root system, it interferes with or destroys cells, tissues and their normal physiological functions, causing discoloration and necrosis of cells and tissues, thereby causing root dysfunction. Root-knot nematodes have the ability to actively invade, which can puncture and enter the epidermal cells of the roots, trigger cell deformation, extract nutrients, and interfere with the normal absorption and transport capacity of the roots.
Because the soil-borne diseases are deep in the soil, they are not easy to be found in the early stage of infection, and the symptoms on the ground are mostly in the middle and late stages of the disease, so there will be certain difficulties in prevention and treatment. Nowadays, whether it is soil treatment or chemical treatment, or the use of beneficial bacteria to achieve bacteria and bacteria, it can prevent soil-borne diseases. The effectiveness of prevention depends on whether the prevention technology is reasonable, whether the use of medicines and bacteria is correct, and so on.
Improper use of fertilizers and medicines leads to malabsorption
In addition to soil-borne diseases, another major factor that easily causes root dysfunction is the improper use of fertilizers and medicines. The improper use of fertilizers is manifested in the organic fertilizers and fertilizers applied at the bottom. The improper absorption of pesticides on the roots is mainly manifested in the application of pesticides in the acupoints or ditch. In the production, the unfertilized organic fertilizer is applied at the bottom. In the process of vegetable growth, as the organic fertilizer is decomposed, more heat and mineral elements are released, resulting in excessive local temperature around the root system or excessive concentration of the soil solution. If the chemical fertilizer at the bottom is excessive or concentrated, it will directly cause the soil to be easily concentrated, causing reverse osmosis in the root cells, and the roots will gradually lose water, wilting, necrosis, and eventually die. This is the fat root that is often said.
On the one hand, it is a barrier to absorption caused by improper use of good products. On the other hand, there are barriers to absorption caused by the use of inferior fertilizers, such as fertilizer products containing chlorine or sodium or fertilizer products with excessive heavy metals. These are equally harmful factors for vegetable production. Will cause root dysfunction. In terms of pesticide use, in general, the application of acupoint application or ditch application causes more root dysfunction, which is a three-point drug, such as a nematicidal agent, which inhibits nematodes while using Or the use of distance errors will hurt the root system.
Loss of soil moisture ratio leads to malabsorption
In actual production, many vegetable farmers mostly determine the watering time by observing the dryness and wetness of the surface or the number of days directly. There are also many vegetable farmers who can't find their own experience in the watering amount. For example, in the hot summer season, the amount of evaporation is large. Although the method of small water pouring can maintain the soil moisture content of the surface, it is not enough to supplement the deep water of the soil. In the low temperature season in winter, especially in the case of continuous cloudy days, most vegetable farmers do not choose to water, even in the low temperature season will reach more than 30 days without watering, then under the stress of soil drought, the absorption capacity of roots will be reduced. .
Contrary to the lack of water in the soil, the water supply is too large, and the root system is in an oxygen-deficient environment, which causes the root system to gradually change color and necrosis, which makes the new root difficult to occur, and the roots gradually decline, that is, the roots. In production, another factor in the imbalance of soil moisture is the coverage of the mulch film. It is often said that the mulch is covered in the whole shed, blocking the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which inhibits the respiration of the roots and thus affects Root absorption function.
Temperature discomfort leads to malabsorption
Heat is an indispensable environmental condition for the soil and a hotbed to ensure good root growth. Vegetable roots have strict requirements on soil temperature. Generally, the soil temperature should be kept at 22 °C ~ 35 °C. When the temperature is lower than 12 °C or higher than 30 °C, the root system will be stunted or even die. The soil temperature can easily break through 30 °C. In the winter low temperature season, in the night or rainy weather, the soil temperature can not reach about 22 °C, which will lead to absorption barriers in the root system. In addition to the greater influence on the root system, soil temperature has an impact on the movement and absorption characteristics of microorganisms and mineral elements in the soil.
In addition, the watering operation has a great influence on the soil temperature. If the water is watered at a high temperature near midday, a large temperature difference will occur, and the often-exploited root condition will occur.
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