The roots of maize plants are deep and leafy, and their growth periods are mostly under high temperature conditions. They are crops that require more water. The different growth periods of maize require different water requirements. It is necessary to carry out scientific irrigation according to the water requirement law of maize and the local climate conditions to meet the needs of maize for each fertility, ensure high and stable yields, and achieve efficient water conservation.
Water demand law (1) Field water requirement The corn field water requirement refers to the total amount of irrigation, precipitation, and groundwater consumed during the entire growth period due to physiological activities, leaf transpiration, and ground evaporation. It varies greatly due to the variety, climate, soil, cultivation conditions, and yield levels. In general, under normal climate and reasonable cultivation techniques, the water requirement of corn increases with the increase of production. (2) Maize water requirement laws Maize growth is a dynamic process. At different growth stages, the transpiration area and root volume of plants are developing, and the environment is also in a process of constant change, so there is a big difference in the water requirement at the stage. 1 emergence - jointing: The seedling stage requires less water, daily water consumption 1.28 square meters / mu, accounting for 13% of the total growth period. 2 Jointing Festival - tasseling: The demand for water increased significantly, with a daily water consumption of 4.87 square meters/mu, accounting for 32.6% of the total growth period. 3 Tasseling and milk-cooking: The water demand reaches a peak, and the daily water consumption is 5.41 square meters/mu, accounting for 35% of the total growth period. 4 milk ripening ~ maturity: the demand for water began to decline, the daily water consumption of 3.74 square meters / mu, accounting for 19.4% of the total growth period. According to the law of water requirement during the growth period of maize, the water demand showed a single peak curve, the water requirement at the seedling stage was less, and the booting (joining section to pumping male) increased. The irrigation period reached its peak and gradually decreased afterwards. (3) Responses to water conditions at all stages of maize development Practice and studies have shown that: The general trend of response of maize to water status is drought tolerance at seedling stage, and it is more sensitive to water deficit after jointing, and the most sensitive stage of silking After that, the sensitivity dropped. From the time of emergence to the beginning of the five-leaf stage, due to the slow growth of the plants, there are few individuals and the water consumption is small. In general, the soil moisture can maintain the normal growth of the root system. Spreading 5 leaves to jointing, tassels are developing, and the ear begins to grow. At the end of this period, it begins to be sensitive to moisture, but normal conditions do not require irrigation. From the jointing stage to the tasseling stage, the growth of stems and leaves is the fastest, and the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is also a period when maize is sensitive to moisture. The big bell-mouth period is a critical period for the differentiation and development of the female florets, and it enters the critical period of corn water demand and begins to water. Pulling loose powder until silk drawing is the most sensitive period of corn to moisture. If water supply is insufficient, filament elongation will be inhibited and silking will be postponed to prevent normal fertilization of the female ear; if this period of continuous wilting for 8 days, the yield can be reduced by up to 40%; spinning to the grain formation phase, sensitive to moisture Secondly, in the silking period, if the plants are wilting for 4 to 8 days during this period, the general grain production can be reduced by about 30%.
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