Pigs experience poor feed efficiency and slow weight gain when temperatures exceed 35°C or drop below -5 to -10°C. During the high-temperature season, feeding and management strategies should be adjusted based on the type of pig and its physiological stage to ensure optimal health and productivity.
For boars, feeding twice a day is recommended. At noon, offer green feed or a thinner diet to help them stay cool. Breeding and exercise should be done in the early morning and late evening. Avoid spraying cold water immediately after breeding. From 1 pm to 3 pm daily, mist the pigs and the floor with water, and reduce lighting to 8–10 hours. If breeding frequency is low, reduce concentrate feed to prevent over-conditioning and maintain good libido.
Pregnant sows should avoid breeding during hot weather. In the early pregnancy phase (0–84 days), their diet should be mainly composed of green roughage with some concentrates. Reduce stocking density, keeping 2–3 sows per pen. In the second trimester and during lactation, focus on raw materials mixed with green feed. Coarse feed can be omitted, and feed three times a day. Add 1–1.5% baking soda and 0.3% salt to support digestion and hydration.
For sows close to farrowing, the summer farrowing area must have good ventilation and shade. Two to three days before labor, reduce concentrate feed and increase green materials. Increase bran content in the diet to prevent constipation and ease birthing. After feeding, provide warm salt water to avoid postpartum issues like lack of milk.
Market hogs are hard to raise in high temperatures, often showing loss of appetite and reduced growth. It’s best to sell fat pigs before the hot season. If not sold, reduce stocking density—keep 2–3 pigs per pen, with each pig having at least 1–1.2 square meters of space. Use water spray cooling, feed early or late, and add green feed or thin material at noon. Include 1.5% sodium bicarbonate and 0.3% salt in the feed.
Suckling pigs and weanlings are sensitive to temperature changes. They tend to lie on wet ground and are prone to cold stress or diarrhea. Keep their environment dry, clean, and well-ventilated. Provide clean drinking water and regular disinfection. To prevent disease, add 120 mg of oxytetracycline per kg of feed for a few days, and treat with 200 mg per kg if needed.
Heatstroke prevention is crucial. Move affected pigs to a cool, ventilated area and spray cold water on their head and body. Cut off the tail and ears to release blood. Administer medication as follows:
1. Chlorpromazine: 2–3 ml/kg, given intramuscularly 3 times daily.
2. Sodium caprylate: 5–10 ml, or sodium benzoate 2–10 ml, administered intramuscularly.
3. Intravenous saline (250–500 ml) combined with enema using saline solution.
4. For comatose pigs, administer ginger juice or garlic juice via nasal drops.
By implementing these practices, farmers can better manage pig health and performance during extreme weather conditions.
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