Now is the time for spring peanut planting, and the author recently visited farmers in Dezhou, Jiyang, Linyi, and Qingdao in Shandong Province. He found that many farmers have been struggling with serious peanut pests in recent years, which has made it difficult to boost their yields. In response, the author has compiled several practical suggestions aimed at addressing the main causes of declining peanut production.
First, crop rotation is essential. Peanuts are considered a heavy feeder and should not be planted in the same field year after year. In some areas of Qingdao and Jiyang, farmers have been growing peanuts for six or seven consecutive years, leading to soil exhaustion, disease buildup, and low productivity—some plots yield as little as 100 kg per acre. For those without spare land, it's recommended to apply 40% chlorine-free nitrobenzene or 2 kg of net soil per acre. Mixing fine sand or organic fertilizer into the soil before planting can help prevent root rot. Additionally, seed treatment with inducers like 250 g per acre, or using products such as “Wang Tak Fung†soil conditioner (100 g per acre) or aurum microbial rooting agent (500 g per acre) can improve germination and plant health.
Second, choosing the right seeds is crucial. Varieties like Huayu 12, Huayu 22, 9616, and Luhua 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14 are well-suited for spring planting and offer more stable yields. However, many farmers still make mistakes when buying seeds. Some opt for non-certified sources, relying on personal seed storage or selecting based on seed size rather than quality. Certified seeds should come in properly labeled packages with production licenses, inspection reports, business licenses, and contact information. Some also include variety descriptions and warranty cards, ensuring better quality and performance.
Third, proper fertilization plays a key role in increasing peanut yield. Many farmers overuse nitrogen-based fertilizers like urea or ammonium bicarbonate while neglecting phosphorus, potassium, and microbial fertilizers. This imbalance often leads to poor results despite high input costs. The ideal approach is to use organic manure as the base, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. A suggested mix includes 500–1,000 kg of well-rotted manure, 30 kg of superphosphate, 30 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of microbial agents per acre. For fields deficient in boron or zinc, adding 3 kg of borax and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate can further improve growth.
Fourth, timely pest control is vital. Fleas are one of the most destructive pests, reducing yields by 15–20%, and in severe cases, up to 50–80%. Poor-quality pesticides on the market, such as pungent phosphorus or formazan phosphate, often lose effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. Additionally, many farmers lack knowledge about flea life cycles and fail to act at the right time. In regions like Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Liaoning, black golden tortoiseshells are common. Adult beetles emerge in mid-April, peak in late June to early July, and are most active between 8–9 pm. To control them, farmers should spray insecticides like 40% dimethoate emulsion or 90% trichlorfon before eggs are laid. Underground slow-release pesticides, such as kilogram line or numerical control pesticides, can also be used during sowing.
Peanut diseases like brown spot, leaf spot, virus, and net spot are more severe in rainy or foggy conditions. Continuous planting increases the risk, so rotating crops and using fungicides like carbendazim or frostbite can help manage these issues effectively.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve their peanut yields and ensure sustainable production.
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