Peanut fertilization is a critical practice that significantly influences yield and quality. The key principles include using mainly organic fertilizers, supplemented with inorganic ones. Organic fertilizers provide a wide range of nutrients, improve soil structure, enhance physical and chemical properties, and promote the activity of rhizobia, which helps fix atmospheric nitrogen. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers can also reduce nutrient loss and fixation, making the overall fertilization more efficient.
In addition to selecting the right type of fertilizer, proper timing and application methods are equally important. A balanced approach involves applying base fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season and top-dressing as needed based on plant development. Organic materials are typically used as the base fertilizer, while inorganic nutrients are applied in appropriate amounts during the growth cycle to meet the plants’ needs.
It is also essential to ensure a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. This helps avoid deficiencies or excesses that could harm the crop. Proper fertilization not only supports healthy growth but also improves the long-term fertility of the soil.
Regarding the types and quantities of fertilizers, base and seed fertilizers play a vital role. For optimal results, it is recommended to apply 2,500–5,000 kg of organic manure per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Additionally, 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of diammonium phosphate should be added, along with 4–6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. A long-acting compound fertilizer at 30–50 kg per mu is also advised to ensure sustained nutrient release throughout the growing season.
Seed treatment is another important step. Before sowing, peanut seeds can be soaked in a 0.2%–0.3% ammonium molybdate solution or a 0.01%–0.1% boric acid solution for a few hours, then dried. This helps supply essential micronutrients that support early growth and development. During sowing, 2–3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 3–4 kg of diammonium phosphate can be mixed with the seeds to provide an initial nutrient boost.
By following these practices, farmers can achieve better yields, healthier plants, and more sustainable agricultural systems. Proper fertilization is not just about feeding the plants—it’s about nurturing the soil for future crops as well.
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