Corn plants are prone to premature aging due to their tall growth, which demands significant nutrients and water. Excess moisture in the soil can lead to hypoxia, reducing root activity and making it difficult for the plant to absorb water. However, transpiration from the leaves continues, especially under sunny conditions, causing an imbalance that leads to physiological stress. This results in curled leaves, slow growth, and even wilting if nutrient supply is insufficient. To prevent this, proper drainage is essential in rainy areas. Applying fine fertilizer or spraying phosphorus during early flowering can help maintain green foliage and improve ear development. Potassium sulfate is also effective in preventing premature aging.
Another issue is poor air circulation and nutrient deficiency, which can hinder ear development. Overly dense planting reduces photosynthesis, while imbalances in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can result in empty stalks. To address this, planting density should be carefully managed to ensure good ventilation. Timely nutrient and water supply is crucial for healthy ear differentiation. Balanced fertilization with all three major nutrients is necessary, and organic manure should be used in low-fertility soils. In high-fertility areas, more phosphorus should be applied during seedling stages to promote strong roots and stalks. Removing weak or overly dense plants early on can also improve overall plant health.
Phosphorus deficiency during the booting and flowering stages can disrupt sugar metabolism and protein synthesis, leading to reduced tassel size, slower silk elongation, and poor pollination. This often results in barren ears. Similarly, potassium deficiency hinders carbohydrate transport to the grains, reducing starch accumulation. Insect infestations, wind damage, or heavy rain during pollination can further interfere with fertilization, causing barren kernels or empty ears. Prevention involves pest control, adequate phosphate and potash application, timely irrigation, and artificial pollination during flowering.
Lastly, excessive planting density and improper management of water and fertilizer can cause lodging, affecting yield. To reduce this risk, deep cultivation and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Soil should be properly tilled to strengthen the plant’s base. A balanced use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium helps build strong, resilient stalks. Maintaining appropriate plant spacing ensures sufficient sunlight for healthy growth and increased resistance to lodging.
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