Potato deformed potato is an important issue that is overlooked by some growers while increasing yield. In the process of tuber growing, deformed potatoes often appear. Especially in the second season of spring cultivation, the rate of malformed potatoes is higher due to high temperature and drought. Seriously affect the potato's commercial nature, greatly reducing the planting efficiency of the potato. The causes and prevention and control measures of potato deformity potato are summarized for reference in production.
First, the cause of malformed potato
Potato malformed potato is mainly caused by secondary growth. The main reason for the secondary growth is the sudden rainfall or watering after the high temperature drought, so that the tubers that originally stopped growing are under suitable growth conditions, but at this time, the partial or all of the tuber epidermis has been aged, and the buds of the parts without aging recover. Growth and starch synthesis, resulting in a variety of deformities.
Second, prevention measures
1. The selection of fine varieties of deformed potatoes occurs mostly in medium- or late-maturing varieties. Therefore, when planting potatoes, especially in poorly drained or viscous soils, or where local conditions do not allow watering, the growth of potatoes during high temperature is less The regions should be based on the local cultivation conditions, and the varieties that are not likely to grow secondary should be selected according to local conditions.
2. Adding Organic Fertilizer Organic fertilizer contains various macro elements and trace elements required for potato growth and development. Applying organic fertilizer can loosen and fertilize the soil, improve the ventilation conditions of the soil, increase the ability of the soil to retain water and fertility, and avoid the soil from passing over. Dry and over-wet causes tuber deformity, but also makes the tuber enlarge, promotes neat tuber shape, smooth skin, and increased yield. Especially for planting potatoes on sticky soil, it is necessary to pay attention to increase organic fertilizer to improve soil conditions. Organic manure should generally be applied as a basal fertilizer, and require deep application. Normal fertility plots are applied between 4,000 and 5,000 kilograms per 667 square meters.
3, Fertilization of adequate amount of potato over-fertilization, easily lead to vigorous plant growth or even length, if the corresponding cultivation and management measures did not keep up in time, it will inhibit tuber swelling, leading to deformity. Potatoes are potassium-demanding crops that absorb the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Fertilizer can be applied in two ways: basal fertilizer and topdressing. Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer to promote rapid growth of stems and leaves on the ground. Usually, topdressing 10-15 kg of urea per 667 square meters or bicarbonate. Ammonium 40-50 kg, top-dressing 1 or 2 times, the number and frequency of top-dressing depending on the soil fertility and plant growth conditions, excessive fertilization is strictly prohibited. To promote the growth of tubers during the tuber stage, some potassium fertilizer may be added in an appropriate amount. The method of foliar spraying is used. Usually, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used at a concentration of 1 Torr.
4. Watering the potatoes in time under normal conditions without watering. When the soil is too dry, it must be watered, but the cultivator must be ploughed in time to remove the compaction and increase the ground temperature. After the budding of the potato, it should be poured according to the lyrical water, to ensure that the soil is moist and the ground is not dry, usually watering once every 7-10 days. According to soil conditions, watering is generally stopped 5 to 7 days before harvest, which is conducive to safe storage of tubers after harvest. Avoid the occurrence of drought during the growth period, especially when the tuber enlargement occurs after the drought occurs, it will cause secondary growth of tubers to form the deformed potato.
5. The role of strengthening the cultivating soil in cultivating cultivators is mainly to improve the ventilation of the soil, increase the ability of the soil to retain fertilizer and preserve fertilizer, make the potato skin smooth, the potato shape is neat, and the proportion of malformed potatoes is reduced. During the whole growing period of the potato, two or three times of cultivating and two times of earth-cultivation are needed according to the situation. The first cultivating is performed 3 to 5 days before emergence, and the second cultivator is performed after the seedlings are drawn out. The last cultivator should be completed before potato doubling; the first cultivating is performed when the tip of the pod begins to enlarge during the budding period of the potato to prevent pods. Take out the ground and turn it into new shoots. The potato enters a period of prosperous growth. To prevent the tubers from being exposed to the ground for a second time, the soil is 4 to 5 centimeters thick and forms a high ridge height of about 25 centimeters. Watering does not flood the roof. Not compacted, good soil permeability, is conducive to tuber enlargement.
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