In greenhouse vegetable cultivation, proper fertilizer application is essential for healthy plant growth and high yields. First, it's crucial to fully decompose farmyard manure before using it as fertilizer. Undecomposed manure may contain harmful bacteria, parasites, and pathogens that can spread diseases to the crops. Moreover, if fresh manure is directly added to the greenhouse, it can release ammonia during decomposition, which may burn young seedlings. Therefore, always ensure that organic fertilizers are well-rotted before applying them to the soil.
Second, when applying base fertilizer, it's best to do so about a week before planting vegetables and mix it thoroughly with the soil. Place the fertilizer 7–10 cm away from the planting hole or furrow to avoid direct contact with the roots. After applying, water immediately to help the nutrients penetrate the soil. Avoid scattering fertilizer directly on the ground or leaves, as this can cause nutrient loss through volatilization or damage the plants. Apply fertilizers during peak growing seasons, preferably on cloudy days or in the late evening, to reduce evaporation. Spraying the fertilizer solution on the underside of new leaves can enhance absorption by the plants.
Third, over-application of chemical fertilizers should be avoided in greenhouses, as they are not easily leached out and can lead to salt buildup in the soil. This can negatively affect vegetable growth and eventually cause secondary salinization. Before applying any fertilizer, it's important to conduct a soil test and use a balanced formula based on the crop’s needs—never apply blindly.
Fourth, micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum, zinc, and iron are essential for vegetable metabolism, even though they are required in small amounts. These can be applied as base fertilizer, used for seed treatment, soaking, or foliar spraying. However, the difference between the right amount and an excessive dose is very narrow, so precise measurement is crucial to prevent fertilizer burn or other damage.
Lastly, when using plant growth regulators, caution is necessary. These hormones can boost production, but each type has specific conditions and application limits. It's vital to follow the correct timing and concentration guidelines. A careless approach can result in poor yield or even harm the crops. Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
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