In greenhouse vegetable cultivation, it's essential to properly prepare and apply fertilizers to ensure both plant health and soil quality. First, farmyard manure must be fully composted before being used in greenhouses. Fresh manure contains pathogens such as bacteria and eggs that can spread diseases once applied to crops. Additionally, if uncomposted manure is directly added to the greenhouse, it may release ammonia during decomposition, which can burn young seedlings. Therefore, it's crucial to ensure that all organic fertilizers are completely broken down before application.
Second, when applying base fertilizer, it's best to do so about a week before planting vegetables and mix it thoroughly into the soil. When placing the fertilizer, keep it 7-10 cm away from the plant's root area, either in a trench or hole. After applying, water the area immediately to help nutrients absorb into the soil. Avoid sprinkling fertilizer directly on the ground or plant leaves, as this can lead to nutrient loss through volatilization or damage to tender plants. It’s also recommended to apply fertilizers during peak growing seasons, preferably on cloudy days or in the late evening, to reduce evaporation. Spraying the fertilizer solution on the underside of new leaves can enhance absorption and improve plant uptake.
Third, when using chemical fertilizers in greenhouses, it's important not to overapply them. Greenhouse soils tend to retain nutrients more than open fields, and excessive use can lead to salt buildup in the soil. This can negatively affect vegetable growth and even cause secondary salinization over time. Before applying any fertilizer, it's essential to test the soil and follow a balanced fertilization plan rather than applying randomly.
Fourth, micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum, zinc, and iron are vital for plant metabolism, even though they are required in small amounts. These can be applied as a base fertilizer, used for seed coating, soaking, or foliar feeding. However, the difference between an appropriate dose and an overdose is very narrow, so precision is key to avoid fertilizer burn or other negative effects.
Finally, when using plant growth regulators, caution is necessary. These hormones can boost vegetable yields when used correctly, but each type has specific conditions and concentrations for effective use. It's important to follow instructions carefully, as improper timing or concentration can result in poor performance or even harm to the plants. Always read labels and consult with experts if unsure.
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