Chaoan County in Shantou City has a long history of pineapple farming. The main varieties cultivated are Balinese (Dazhihongmaoli) and Cain (Saladue), primarily grown in Dengtang and Guxiang Towns. Over the past decade, with the support of agricultural experts, local farmers have successfully developed off-season high-yield pineapple cultivation techniques. These methods include planting during specific periods, protecting fruits from cold, and using bagging to enhance quality. As a result, the region has seen significant economic benefits.
First, choosing suitable land is crucial. Farmers select sloped areas with light frost risk, good drainage, and soil pH between 4.5 and 6.0. Once the site is chosen, terraces are built along contour lines, and drainage systems are installed to prevent waterlogging.
Second, timing is key for planting. Pineapple can be planted throughout most of the year except during the coldest months. Off-season planting typically begins in March to ensure fruit is ready for sale in March or April of the following year. Healthy, mature buds with at least 10 large leaves and 200 grams of fresh weight are selected. Planting density is usually around 1000-1200 plants per mu.
Third, proper fertilization plays a vital role. Base fertilizer, mainly composed of ash and organic materials, is applied to improve soil structure and nutrient availability. Potassium-rich fertilizers help boost yield and plant resilience. This practice also enhances cold resistance and promotes strong root development.
Fourth, ongoing care includes timely top-dressing, weeding, and soil management. Urea and compound fertilizers are used periodically, while mulching with straw helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Cultivation is done carefully to avoid damaging the shallow root system.
Fifth, flower induction is essential for off-season production. Ethephon is used to stimulate flowering, with careful attention to concentration based on temperature. Proper plant health is critical before applying this chemical, as weak or small plants may not produce high-quality fruit.
Sixth, extra-root fertilization with urea solutions helps promote fruit growth and improve quality. After flowering, pruning is done to remove excess suckers and keep only a few strong buds for future growth.
Seventh, bagging is an important step to protect fruits from cold and damage. Using breathable bags with added layers helps maintain moisture and prevent ice formation, resulting in better-quality fruit.
Eighth, pest control is minimal due to lower temperatures during off-season cultivation. Most pests are managed without chemicals, ensuring environmentally friendly production.
Ninth, harvesting occurs when the base of the fruit turns yellow and the stem tilts slightly. Fruits are picked in stages to ensure optimal quality. After harvest, the plants enter a new growth cycle, with productivity lasting 2–4 years before declining.
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