Cucumber flower buds begin to differentiate early, with the process largely completed during the seedling stage. However, this differentiation is still flexible and can be influenced through proper agricultural practices to promote the formation of female flowers. Here are some effective methods:
First, select high-quality cucumber seeds. Seeds stored properly under optimal conditions can remain viable for up to one year, and using such seeds can help increase the percentage of female flowers in the crop.
Second, pruning plays a key role in influencing flower development. When the plant has around 25 leaves, topping the main vine helps redirect energy toward female flower production. For vining varieties, pinching back side vines when the first 1–2 fruits appear encourages more female blooms.
Third, optimizing fertilization is crucial. In neutral soil, applying organic compost can significantly boost the number of female flowers. Additionally, using specific liquid fertilizers can enhance this effect. For example, spraying 100 ml of Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer mixed with 50 kg of water per acre not only revitalizes the soil but also promotes the development of more female flowers. Similarly, applying 100 grams of chemical fertilizer per acre in 50 kg of water can stimulate female flower growth. Another option is to use 200 grams of photosynthesis fertilizer diluted in 25–50 kg of water, which helps reduce photorespiration and supports better female flower development.
Fourth, low-temperature treatment during the cotyledon stage can also influence flower bud differentiation. Starting 10–30 days after planting, maintaining a temperature difference between day and night—around 25–28°C during the day and 14–15°C at night—can encourage more female flowers. Covering the plants to limit sunlight to about 8 hours daily and adding phosphorus-rich nutrients to the nursery soil can further support the development of female flower buds.
These techniques, when applied correctly, can greatly improve the yield and quality of cucumbers by increasing the proportion of female flowers.
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