(1) Feed: Breeding ostriches should be provided with a well-balanced diet that meets their specific nutritional requirements. The feed is typically formulated to address the needs for calcium and phosphorus, especially during the laying period when female ostriches have increased demands for these minerals. Ostriches are also prone to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins and essential trace elements such as iodine, iron, and zinc. However, it's important not to overfeed them with high-fat diets. This is because ostriches lack a gallbladder and have limited fat absorption capabilities. Excessive energy intake can lead to weight gain in breeding birds, which may reduce egg production or even cause it to stop altogether.
(2) Feeding and Management Methods: Effective feeding and management practices are crucial for maximizing egg production and ensuring the health of breeding ostriches. Male and female African ostriches can be housed together, but it's important to provide adequate space. Each bird should have an aviary area of around 10–12 square meters, with a free-range area of approximately 250–300 square meters per bird. The layout of the range should ideally be more than 70% open space for movement. Drinking equipment should be made of durable materials like concrete to prevent damage from the birds' feet and to avoid contamination.
It’s recommended to feed ostriches four times a day. The first feeding should occur between 6:30 and 7:30 AM, with consistent intervals between meals. The feeding order should start with fine or mixed feeds, followed by green coarse feeds, with each portion around 1.5 kg. Clean, fresh water should always be available, and in winter, warm water (around 25°C) is preferred. To promote physical activity, ostriches should be allowed to move for at least one to two hours each morning and afternoon. Regular cleaning of the barn and removal of droppings from the range are essential for maintaining hygiene. It’s also advisable to disinfect drinking equipment and the birds on a weekly basis to prevent disease outbreaks.
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