(1) Feed: Breeding ostriches should be provided with a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. The feed is typically formulated based on the requirement for calcium and phosphorus, especially during the laying period when female ostriches have a higher demand for these minerals. Ostriches are also prone to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins and trace elements such as iodine, iron, and zinc. However, it's important not to overfeed them with high-fat diets, as ostriches lack a gallbladder and have limited ability to absorb fats effectively. Excessive energy intake can lead to weight gain, which may reduce egg production or even cause a complete stop in laying. Therefore, maintaining a moderate and nutritionally balanced diet is crucial for optimal reproductive performance.
(2) Feeding and Management Methods: Proper feeding and management practices are essential for maximizing egg production and ensuring the health of breeding ostriches. It is common to keep male and female African ostriches together in pairs. Each pair should have access to an aviary space of approximately 10–12 square meters, along with a spacious run area of around 250–300 square meters. The layout of the run should ideally follow a 7:3 ratio, with more open space for movement. Drinking containers should be made of durable materials like cement to prevent damage from pecking or foot traffic, which could lead to illness if broken or contaminated.
Ostriches are usually fed four times a day, with the first feeding occurring between 6:30 and 7:30 AM. The feeding schedule should remain consistent, and the order should start with fine or mixed feed, followed by green coarse feed. Each feeding session should provide about 1.5 kg of food. Clean and fresh water should always be available, with warm water (around 25°C) used in colder months. To encourage natural behavior and maintain fitness, ostriches should be allowed at least 1–2 hours of daily exercise in the morning and afternoon. Regular cleaning of the barn and removal of droppings from the run are necessary to maintain hygiene. Additionally, drinking equipment and birds should be disinfected weekly to prevent disease outbreaks.
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