American pheasant breeding

**Pheasant Breeding in the United States** The introduction of colorful pheasants, also known as ring-necked pheasants, to the U.S. began in 1986. Since then, their breeding has gained popularity, especially in China, where they are raised for both meat and ornamental purposes. Pheasants are valued for their tender, flavorful meat, high nutritional value, and ease of rearing, making them a profitable agricultural option. Pheasants reach maturity at around 3 months of age and can be sold as market-ready birds. Male pheasants typically weigh between 1,800 to 2,200 grams, while females begin laying eggs at 5 to 6 months old. A hen can lay 100 to 120 eggs annually, with each egg weighing approximately 30 grams. Under optimal conditions, up to 95% of eggs are fertilized, and about 90% of those hatch successfully. **Physical Characteristics and Behavior** Pheasants are slightly smaller than chickens but have longer tails. Males are brightly colored with a distinctive white collar, while females are more muted in color. These birds are hardy and adaptable, capable of withstanding high temperatures and resisting many common diseases. However, they are easily startled and prefer quiet environments. Farmers should ensure that the housing area is calm and that workers wear consistent clothing to avoid causing stress. Pheasants are also phototactic, meaning they respond to light changes. They may fly toward sudden bright lights in the dark, so it’s important to cover windows and bulbs with nets to prevent accidents. **Chick Rearing and Brooding Methods** Two main brooding methods are used: floor brooding and online brooding. Before placing chicks, the floor should be covered with straw or sawdust, and infrared lamps provide warmth. The initial temperature should be around 37°C. A constant temperature controller is recommended to maintain stable conditions, reducing mortality from temperature fluctuations. Chicks should be given access to water immediately after hatching, using a diluted potassium permanganate solution or 5% sugar water. Fine feed should be scattered on burlap bags, and the diet should contain at least 25% crude protein during the first two weeks. As they grow, the protein content can be gradually reduced to 20%. Temperature control is critical during the first 15 days. If chicks cluster near the heat source, the temperature may be too low. If they spread out or pant, it could indicate overheating. Adjustments should be made to ensure even distribution and comfort. **Vaccination and Disease Prevention** Vaccination is essential for preventing infectious diseases. A vaccination schedule includes Newcastle disease (at 1-4 days), infectious bursal disease (at 5-9 days), and Newcastle disease I strain (at 130 days). Vaccines should be diluted with clean water and used within two hours. Water should be withheld for three hours before vaccination. Regular cleaning of drinkers and feeders is necessary to maintain hygiene. During winter, electric heating tubes can be used instead of bright lights to reduce stress. **Breeding Management** From 7 to 13 weeks, pheasants gain weight rapidly and require continuous access to feed with 18-20% crude protein. For breeder hens, limited feeding is recommended to control body weight, with protein levels reduced to around 18%. Roosters require slightly more protein than hens and should be kept separately to avoid overfeeding. **Egg Production and Lighting** Before egg-laying, roosters are introduced to hens at a ratio of 1:4. Light duration should be increased gradually to 16-17 hours per day, with a light intensity of 40 watts per 15 square meters. Artificial lighting in the morning and evening helps maintain this schedule. During egg production, feed should be provided continuously, with a 20% crude protein diet. Green feed can be added to improve fertility. Maintaining an optimal temperature (13-25°C) is crucial for egg production, as extreme temperatures can reduce output. **Disease Prevention and Treatment** Common diseases include pullorum disease, Newcastle disease, coccidiosis, and fowl cholera. Each has specific symptoms and treatments. For example, pullorum disease can be prevented by adding antibiotics like oxytetracycline to feed, while Newcastle disease requires regular vaccinations. Coccidiosis is managed with chlorobenzene, and fowl cholera can be treated with streptomycin or oxytetracycline. Proper management, hygiene, and timely intervention are key to successful pheasant farming. With the right care and attention, pheasants can thrive and provide a sustainable source of income for farmers. *Shanghai Emerging Rare Poultry Farms*

Expanded Metal

Expanded Metal

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