To ensure fast and healthy growth of eels, effective feeding management is essential. Based on the author's practical experience, here are some key strategies to consider.
First, water temperature plays a crucial role in feeding behavior. The daily temperature fluctuation between morning and evening can influence feeding. If the temperature difference is within 3°C, it's generally acceptable and won't affect the eel's feeding. However, when the difference exceeds 4°C during certain seasons, it may cause stress and reduce appetite. In such cases, it’s advisable to lower the feeding rate by 30% to 50% to prevent discomfort. Farmers should also adjust their timing for covering or removing insulation shelters—delaying them during spring and summer transitions and covering earlier during fall and winter to minimize temperature fluctuations.
Second, seasonal temperature changes significantly impact feeding rates. As the natural water temperature varies, the feeding rate must be adjusted accordingly. For instance, when the water temperature is between 24°C and 29°C, a bait rate of 2.5% to 3% is ideal. If the temperature rises above 30°C, this should be reduced to 2.2% to 2.6%. When the temperature drops to 20°C–24°C, the rate should be 1.6% to 2.5%, and further lowered to 1% to 1.6% when it's 14°C–20°C. Below 14°C, the feeding rate should be as low as 0.4% to 1.0%. These are general guidelines, and farmers can fine-tune based on local conditions.
Third, the size of the eel directly affects the amount of feed required. Young eels (white seedlings) need about 5% to 6% of their body weight in food. As they grow, this percentage decreases. For example, when eels reach 500–800 grams, the feeding rate should be around 5% to 3.5%. When they grow to 80–500 grams, it should be controlled at 3.5% to 2.5%, and when they are under 150 grams, it should drop to 2.5% to 1.5%.
Fourth, water quality is closely linked to feeding behavior. In intensive culture systems, excessive water exchange or sudden algae changes can disrupt feeding. Poor water quality, often caused by high levels of ammonia and nitrite, can lead to reduced appetite or even complete loss of feeding. Ammonia levels above 2 ppm and nitrite above 0.2 ppm are particularly harmful. Dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5 ppm; below 3 ppm can cause feeding issues. Regular water testing with a reliable kit is essential for maintaining optimal conditions.
Fifth, light intensity also influences feeding habits. Eels tend to prefer slightly darker environments, especially as they grow. Sudden changes in lighting can cause stress and affect their feeding patterns.
Lastly, abrupt weather changes can also impact feeding. During hot spells, eels may become stressed and even face temporary oxygen shortages, so reducing feed by at least half is recommended. Cold fronts can cause similar stress, requiring a reduction of more than a third. After heavy rain, it's best to skip feeding and disinfect the water to minimize stress on the fish.
By carefully managing these factors, farmers can create an optimal environment that supports healthy and rapid growth of eels.
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