After grafting, it's essential to check the survival rate around 20 to 28 days post-grafting. You can determine success by observing the buds and petioles. Healthy buds will appear fresh, while the petioles will feel firm and ready to be touched. If the buds are dry, brown in color, or show signs of withering, especially if the scion tip turns black, it indicates that the graft has failed. Any unsuccessful grafts should be replaced as soon as possible to ensure optimal growth.
Once the buds begin to sprout, carefully remove the grafting film using a blade tip. If the graft is successful, after 7 to 10 days, gently loosen the film. Then, cut the rootstock about four-fifths of its diameter above the new shoot. This allows the remaining one-fifth of the rootstock to remain connected, ensuring a continuous flow of water and nutrients to the new growth. Once the first new shoot appears, make sure it has at least 4 to 5 mature leaves before proceeding. After the shoot stops growing, it should be tied to the stock. All other branches and leaves should be removed to focus the plant’s energy on the grafted part.
Timely removal of unwanted buds is crucial. The main goal is to protect the scion and encourage its growth. Any buds that sprout from the lower part of the graft union should be wiped off promptly. Similarly, any new shoots or leaves on the water sprouts should be removed to reduce nutrient competition. Once the new shoot matures, break off the anvil 1 cm above the graft union to allow proper development.
To protect the young shoots from wind damage, insert vertical supports such as "8" shaped ties made from plastic strips or ropes. This helps keep the new growth upright and stable during its early stages.
Fertilizer management is also important. When the spring shoots become mature and harden, apply diluted fertilizer around the drip line of the original crown to stimulate fine root growth. During dry periods, water the plants regularly, and ensure proper drainage during the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.
By following these steps, you can significantly improve the success rate of your grafts and promote healthy, vigorous growth.
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