After grafting, it's essential to check the survival rate of the scion. Usually, you can determine whether the graft was successful between 20 to 28 days post-grafting. Look for signs such as new sprouts and the condition of the petiole. If the buds are fresh and the petioles are still turgid, the graft is likely successful. However, if the buds are dry, brown, or black at the tip, especially when the scion appears shriveled, it indicates that the graft has failed. Any unsuccessful grafts should be replaced promptly to ensure a healthy growth.
Once the buds start to sprout, carefully remove the grafting film using a small blade. If the graft is successful, after 7 to 10 days, gently loosen the film. Then, cut the rootstock about 4/5 of its diameter above the sprout, leaving 1/5 of the stock connected to the stem. This allows for continued nutrient and water flow to the new shoot. The first new shoot should have at least 4 to 5 mature leaves before being fully separated from the rootstock. All other branches and leaves should be pruned away to focus energy on the scion.
Timely removal of unwanted buds is crucial. Focus on protecting the scion and encouraging its growth. Remove any rootstock buds that appear below the graft union. Also, eliminate any new shoots or lateral growth on the water sprouts to reduce competition for nutrients. Once the new shoot matures, cut the rootstock 1 cm above the graft union to fully separate it.
To protect the young shoots from wind damage, use a "8" shaped support with plastic tape or string. This helps keep the new growth upright and stable as it develops.
Fertilizer management is also important. Apply diluted fertilizer once the spring shoots are mature and firm. Apply the fertilizer around the drip line of the original crown to encourage fine root development. Water regularly during dry periods, and ensure proper drainage during the rainy season to avoid waterlogging.
By following these steps, you can significantly improve the success rate of your grafts and promote healthy, vigorous growth in the new shoots.
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