First, planting technology
1. Spacing. In the northern region, common spacing options are 0.73 mu with 330 seedlings or 0.53 mu with 440 seedlings. In the south, typical spacing is either 0.73 mu for 330 plants or 0.83 mu for 280 plants. Considering the vigorous growth of red milk vines, it's recommended that both northern and southern regions adopt a trellis system to support high-quality fruit production and improve vine management.
2. Planting. When planting, dig a deep and wide planting trench, typically 50-70 cm wide and 35-80 cm deep. Make sure to separate topsoil from subsoil. Place weeds and organic straw at the bottom of the trench, then apply fertilizer. For every 667 square meters (1 acre), use 4-5 cubic meters of pig manure, 3-4 cubic meters of sheep manure, or 2 cubic meters of well-decomposed chicken manure mixed with 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Mix this thoroughly with the soil and fill the trench, covering the lower part with subsoil. In the north, planting should be done before the ground freezes in autumn or after temperatures rise in spring, ensuring the soil temperature is above 5°C. When placing the seedling, spread the roots evenly and press the soil around them while filling halfway. Lift the seedling slightly to allow roots to stretch, then water immediately to settle the soil firmly.
Second, post-planting management
Timely removal of rootstock shoots is essential. Select strong grafted shoots as the main trunk and remove excess shoots and vertical rods. Young one-year-old seedlings require regular watering. Winter pruning should focus on cutting 1 meter above the ground, where the stem diameter is at least 1 cm. Shoots below 1 meter but above 50 cm can be used as secondary branches for fruiting in the second year. Before bud break, apply water and fertilizer to two-year-old seedlings. The principle of bud removal is to keep the strong ones and eliminate the weak. When new shoots grow to 5-10 cm, maintain 10-15 per square meter or space them 25-30 cm apart. About 7 days before flowering, leave 10 leaves on the inflorescence and 12 on the developing branches, while keeping 2-3 leaves on the shoot tip for repeated topping. Spray fungicide 7-10 days after flowering, and bag the fruit the next day. Ensure all bags are applied within 15 days of flowering. During fruit development and before color change, apply fertilizer and water every 10 days to promote healthy growth.
Winter pruning is usually done after leaf fall and before the following spring. When pruning, ensure branch thickness is at least 0.8 cm, and make cuts 3-5 cm above the buds. Short, medium, or long tips can be trimmed, depending on the desired structure. In colder regions, prepare the soil 10-15 days before freezing by laying the vines in one direction and covering them with firm soil. The depth of coverage depends on local climate conditions. After pruning in the Yangtze River Valley or Jiangnan region, spray the plant with 1-3 degree Baum’s lime sulfur solution to protect against diseases and pests.
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