First, planting technology
1. Spacing. In the northern regions, common spacing options include 0.73 mu with 330 seedlings or 0.53 mu with 440 seedlings. In the southern areas, typical configurations are 0.73 mu for 330 plants or 0.83 mu for 280 plants. Considering the vigorous growth of red milk grapevines, it's recommended that both northern and southern regions adopt a trellis system to support high-quality fruit production and better vine management.
2. Planting. When preparing the planting hole, dig a trench that is 50-70 cm wide and 35-80 cm deep. It's important to separate topsoil from subsoil. At the bottom of the trench, place weeds and organic straw before adding composted manure. For each 667 square meters (one acre), apply 4-5 cubic meters of pig manure or 3-4 cubic meters of sheep manure, or 2 cubic meters of well-decomposed chicken manure mixed with 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Mix this with the soil and fill in the topsoil first, then cover with subsoil. In the north, planting should be done either before the ground freezes in autumn when temperatures remain above 5°C or after the temperature rises in spring. When planting, ensure roots are spread out evenly, and gently press the soil around them. After planting, water thoroughly to help settle the soil and promote root establishment.
Second, post-planting management
Timely removal of rootstock buds is essential. Select strong grafted shoots as the main vines and remove any excess shoots and lateral branches. Young one-year-old seedlings require regular watering. During winter pruning, cut 1 meter above the ground where the stem diameter is at least 1 cm. Shoots below 50 cm and above 1 meter can be used as fruit-bearing branches for the second year. Before bud break, apply water and fertilizer to two-year-old shoots. The principle of bud thinning is to keep the strong ones and remove the weak. When new shoots reach 5-10 cm in length, maintain 10-15 per square meter or space them 25-30 cm apart. About 7 days before flowering, leave 10 leaves on the inflorescence and 12 on the developing branches, while keeping 2-3 leaves at the tip for repeated topping. Spray fungicide 7-10 days after flowering and bag the next day. Ensure all bags are placed within 15 days of flowering. During fruit development and before color change, fertilize and water every 10 days.
Regarding winter pruning, it is typically carried out after leaf fall and before the following spring. When pruning, ensure the branch thickness is at least 0.8 cm, and make cuts 3-5 cm above the buds. Short tips or medium-length cuts can be used, or combined with long, medium, and short cuts depending on the desired structure. In colder regions, wait 10-15 days before the ground freezes in winter. The method involves laying the vines in one direction and covering them with soil. The soil must be compact and firm. The depth of coverage depends on local climate conditions. After pruning in the Yangtze River Valley or southern regions, spray the plant with a 1-3 degree Baumé lime sulfur solution to protect against diseases and pests.
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