Golden skin squash, also known as banana zucchini, is a vibrant, golden-colored vegetable with a smooth texture and a sweet flavor. It can be enjoyed fresh, in salads, or cooked in various dishes. The use of solar greenhouses for off-season cultivation has significantly boosted its yield and profitability. Since 2000, we have conducted extensive research on its cultivation techniques, achieving yields of over 8,000 kg per mu and net income exceeding 10,000 yuan. This variety shows great potential in the market and is an ideal choice for agricultural demonstration parks, eco-tourism projects, and greenhouse crop restructuring.
1. **Variety Selection**
For winter and spring protected cultivation, the golden yellow-skinned zucchini is preferred due to its uniform shape, high fruit-setting capacity, crisp flesh, and excellent commercial quality. It is resistant to diseases, early-maturing, and tolerant to low temperatures. Its upright growth and bright golden skin make it a top hybrid variety.
2. **Cultivating Strong Seedlings**
2.1 **Nutrient Soil Preparation**
Nursery beds are prepared using a mix of 6 parts high-quality field soil and 4 parts decomposed manure, blended with 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 80g of carbendazim per cubic meter. This ensures nutrient-rich soil that prevents diseases. The mixture is then placed into pots, arranged tightly in 1.2m-wide beds. For 1 mu of greenhouse, 30 square meters of seedbeds are required.
2.2 **Sowing Time and Method**
Sowing should occur in mid-October to avoid virus disease from sowing too early. Seeds are soaked thoroughly before planting one per pot, covered with 1.5 cm of moist soil. After sowing, the bed is covered with plastic to maintain warmth and moisture.
2.3 **Seedling Management**
During the germination phase, keep the greenhouse temperature between 28–30°C. Once the first true leaf appears, lower the temperature to 20–25°C during the day and 12–15°C at night. Avoid overwatering and spray fungicides like chlorothalonil and virus A to prevent diseases. Seven days before transplanting, gradually ventilate and harden off the seedlings. Strong seedlings should have 3 leaves and 1 heart, thick stems, and no pests or diseases.
3. **Soil Preparation and Planting**
Before planting, apply 100 kg of cake fertilizer, 100 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 m³ of high-quality compost per mu. Deep plow the soil to 30 cm and disinfect with 300g of 45% chlorothalonil smoke. Create 20cm-high ridges and plant in large and small rows (80cm x 60cm), with 1600 plants per acre. Water after planting and cover with mulch to protect the roots.
4. **Greenhouse Management**
4.1 **Temperature Control**
Use the "two high and one low" method: maintain higher temperatures (25–30°C) during the seedling stage, moderate temperatures (20–25°C) during growth, and slightly cooler temperatures (22–26°C) during fruiting. Cover the greenhouse with straw or plastic film in winter to retain heat and improve light transmission.
4.2 **Lighting Management**
Zucchini requires long daylight hours. Use light curtains or fluorescent lights in deep winter to enhance light exposure and remove water droplets from the greenhouse film.
4.3 **Water and Fertilizer Management**
Avoid watering before the root reaches 10cm. In winter, water under the film every 15–20 days. Apply fertilizer when needed, such as 100kg of compound fertilizer per mu or 200kg of boiled soybeans. Increase water and fertilizer as temperatures rise in February.
4.4 **Carbon Dioxide Enrichment**
In closed greenhouses, use solid biological COâ‚‚ fertilizers to supplement carbon dioxide for better photosynthesis.
4.5 **Vine Training**
Train vines by hanging them on strings to improve air circulation and reduce disease risk. Prune old leaves, side shoots, and male flowers to minimize nutrient waste.
4.6 **Pollination and Fruit Setting**
Artificial pollination or 2,4-D application can help increase fruit set and ensure consistent harvests.
4.7 **Harvesting**
Harvest zucchini 10–12 days after flowering, when fruits reach 25 cm in length and 250g in weight. Avoid leaving the root melon too large, as it may affect upper fruit development. Harvest carefully and package in plastic bags or gift boxes for sale.
5. **Pest and Disease Control**
Common diseases include downy mildew, gray mold, and powdery mildew. Use fungicides like 64% antivirus powder, 25% metalaxyl, and 50% iprodione for prevention and treatment. During hot seasons, apply virus A or phytopathogenic emulsion to control viral infections. Always combine cultural practices with chemical controls for best results.
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